server: (router) expose child model info from router's /v1/models (#22683)

* server: (router) expose child model info from router's /v1/models

* update docs

.github/workflows/gguf-publish.yml

@@ -29,10 +29,10 @@ jobs:
       uses: actions/setup-python@v6
       with:
         python-version: '3.11'
+        pip-install: poetry==2.4.0
     - name: Install dependencies
       run: |
         cd gguf-py
-        python -m pip install poetry==2.3.2
         poetry install
 
     - name: Build package

.gitignore

@@ -105,6 +105,8 @@
 __pycache__/
 */poetry.lock
 poetry.toml
+poetry.lock
+uv.lock
 
 # Nix
 

CODEOWNERS

@@ -76,6 +76,7 @@
 /ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/                  @ggml-org/ggml-vulkan
 /ggml/src/ggml-webgpu/                  @ggml-org/ggml-webgpu
 /ggml/src/ggml-zdnn/                    @ggml-org/ggml-zdnn @Andreas-Krebbel @AlekseiNikiforovIBM
+/ggml/src/ggml-zendnn/                  @avinashcpandey @Jiten1parmar @z-vishal
 /ggml/src/ggml.c                        @ggerganov
 /ggml/src/ggml.cpp                      @ggerganov
 /ggml/src/gguf.cpp                      @JohannesGaessler @Green-Sky

README.md

@@ -529,6 +529,7 @@ To learn more about model quantization, [read this documentation](tools/quantize
 - [How to build](docs/build.md)
 - [Running on Docker](docs/docker.md)
 - [Build on Android](docs/android.md)
+- [Multi-GPU usage](docs/multi-gpu.md)
 - [Performance troubleshooting](docs/development/token_generation_performance_tips.md)
 - [GGML tips & tricks](https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/wiki/GGML-Tips-&-Tricks)
 

common/arg.cpp

@@ -248,6 +248,8 @@ std::vector<std::string> common_arg::get_env() const {
 
 // Helper function to parse tensor buffer override strings
 static void parse_tensor_buffer_overrides(const std::string & value, std::vector<llama_model_tensor_buft_override> & overrides) {
+    ggml_backend_load_all();
+
     std::map<std::string, ggml_backend_buffer_type_t> buft_list;
     for (size_t i = 0; i < ggml_backend_dev_count(); ++i) {
         auto * dev = ggml_backend_dev_get(i);
@@ -425,6 +427,10 @@ static bool parse_bool_value(const std::string & value) {
     }
 }
 
+[[noreturn]] static void arg_removed(const std::string & msg) {
+    throw std::invalid_argument("the argument has been removed. " + msg);
+}
+
 //
 // CLI argument parsing functions
 //
@@ -803,6 +809,7 @@ static std::vector<ggml_backend_dev_t> parse_device_list(const std::string & val
     if (dev_names.size() == 1 && dev_names[0] == "none") {
         devices.push_back(nullptr);
     } else {
+        ggml_backend_load_all();
         for (const auto & device : dev_names) {
             auto * dev = ggml_backend_dev_by_name(device.c_str());
             if (!dev || ggml_backend_dev_type(dev) == GGML_BACKEND_DEVICE_TYPE_CPU) {
@@ -820,6 +827,7 @@ static void add_rpc_devices(const std::string & servers) {
     if (rpc_servers.empty()) {
         throw std::invalid_argument("no RPC servers specified");
     }
+    ggml_backend_load_all();
     ggml_backend_reg_t rpc_reg = ggml_backend_reg_by_name("RPC");
     if (!rpc_reg) {
         throw std::invalid_argument("failed to find RPC backend");
@@ -1016,9 +1024,6 @@ common_params_context common_params_parser_init(common_params & params, llama_ex
 
     params.use_color = tty_can_use_colors();
 
-    // load dynamic backends
-    ggml_backend_load_all();
-
     common_params_context ctx_arg(params);
     ctx_arg.print_usage = print_usage;
     ctx_arg.ex          = ex;
@@ -2275,6 +2280,7 @@ common_params_context common_params_parser_init(common_params & params, llama_ex
         {"--list-devices"},
         "print list of available devices and exit",
         [](common_params &) {
+            ggml_backend_load_all();
             std::vector<ggml_backend_dev_t> devices;
             for (size_t i = 0; i < ggml_backend_dev_count(); ++i) {
                 auto * dev = ggml_backend_dev_get(i);
@@ -3715,35 +3721,35 @@ common_params_context common_params_parser_init(common_params & params, llama_ex
         {"--draft", "--draft-n", "--draft-max"}, "N",
         "the argument has been removed. use --spec-draft-n-max or --spec-ngram-mod-n-max",
         [](common_params & /*params*/, int /*value*/) {
-            throw std::invalid_argument("the argument has been removed. use --spec-draft-n-max or --spec-ngram-mod-n-max");
+            arg_removed("use --spec-draft-n-max or --spec-ngram-mod-n-max");
         }
     ).set_spec().set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SPECULATIVE, LLAMA_EXAMPLE_LOOKUP, LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SERVER, LLAMA_EXAMPLE_CLI}).set_env("LLAMA_ARG_DRAFT_MAX"));
     add_opt(common_arg(
         {"--draft-min", "--draft-n-min"}, "N",
         "the argument has been removed. use --spec-draft-n-min or --spec-ngram-mod-n-min",
         [](common_params & /*params*/, int /*value*/) {
-            throw std::invalid_argument("the argument has been removed. use --spec-draft-n-min or --spec-ngram-mod-n-min");
+            arg_removed("use --spec-draft-n-min or --spec-ngram-mod-n-min");
         }
     ).set_spec().set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SPECULATIVE, LLAMA_EXAMPLE_LOOKUP, LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SERVER, LLAMA_EXAMPLE_CLI}).set_env("LLAMA_ARG_DRAFT_MIN"));
     add_opt(common_arg(
         {"--spec-ngram-size-n"}, "N",
         "the argument has been removed. use the respective --spec-ngram-*-size-n or --spec-ngram-mod-n-match",
         [](common_params & /*params*/, int /*value*/) {
-            throw std::invalid_argument("the argument has been removed. use the respective --spec-ngram-*-size-n");
+            arg_removed("use the respective --spec-ngram-*-size-n");
         }
     ).set_spec().set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SERVER}));
     add_opt(common_arg(
         {"--spec-ngram-size-m"}, "N",
         "the argument has been removed. use the respective --spec-ngram-*-size-m",
         [](common_params & /*params*/, int /*value*/) {
-            throw std::invalid_argument("the argument has been removed. use the respective --spec-ngram-*-size-m");
+            arg_removed("use the respective --spec-ngram-*-size-m");
         }
     ).set_spec().set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SERVER}));
     add_opt(common_arg(
         {"--spec-ngram-min-hits"}, "N",
         "the argument has been removed. use the respective --spec-ngram-*-min-hits",
         [](common_params & /*params*/, int /*value*/) {
-            throw std::invalid_argument("the argument has been removed. use the respective --spec-ngram-*-min-hits");
+            arg_removed("use the respective --spec-ngram-*-min-hits");
         }
     ).set_spec().set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SERVER}));
 

common/chat.cpp

@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ json common_chat_msg::to_json_oaicompat(bool concat_typed_text) const {
     if (!content.empty()) {
         jmsg["content"] = content;
     } else if (!content_parts.empty()) {
-        if (concat_typed_text) {
+        if (concat_typed_text || contains_media()) {
             std::string text;
             bool last_was_media_marker = false;
             // join parts with newline, do not add newline before or after media markers

common/chat.h

@@ -94,6 +94,15 @@ struct common_chat_msg {
                tool_name.empty() && tool_call_id.empty();
     }
 
+    bool contains_media() const {
+        for (const auto & part : content_parts) {
+            if (part.type == "media_marker") {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
     void set_tool_call_ids(std::vector<std::string> &           ids_cache,
                            const std::function<std::string()> & gen_tool_call_id) {
         for (auto i = 0u; i < tool_calls.size(); i++) {

common/fit.cpp

@@ -109,16 +109,24 @@ static std::vector<llama_device_memory_data> common_get_device_memory_data(
         ret.back().total = total;
     }
     for (size_t i = 0; i < nd; i++) {
+        ggml_backend_dev_t dev = llama_model_get_device(model, i);
+
         size_t free;
         size_t total;
-        ggml_backend_dev_memory(llama_model_get_device(model, i), &free, &total);
+        ggml_backend_dev_memory(dev, &free, &total);
 
-        // devices can return 0 bytes for free and total memory if they do not
-        // have any to report. in this case, we will use the host memory as a fallback
-        // fixes: https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/issues/18577
+        // Some non-GPU accelerator backends, such as BLAS, report 0/0 and rely on
+        // the host-memory fallback. For GPU-like backends, keep 0/0 so --fit does
+        // not assign anything to a device with an unknown memory budget.
         if (free == 0 && total == 0) {
-            free  = ret.back().free;
-            total = ret.back().total;
+            const enum ggml_backend_dev_type type = ggml_backend_dev_type(dev);
+            if (type == GGML_BACKEND_DEVICE_TYPE_GPU || type == GGML_BACKEND_DEVICE_TYPE_IGPU) {
+                LOG_WRN("%s: device %s did not report memory; --fit will not use it\n",
+                        __func__, ggml_backend_dev_name(dev));
+            } else {
+                free  = ret.back().free;
+                total = ret.back().total;
+            }
         }
         ret[i].free  = free;
         ret[i].total = total;

common/speculative.cpp

@@ -252,14 +252,14 @@ struct common_speculative_state_draft : public common_speculative_state {
 
     size_t create_checkpoint(int n_tokens_prompt) {
         int slot_id = 0;
-        const size_t checkpoint_size = llama_state_seq_get_size_ext(ctx_dft, slot_id, LLAMA_STATE_SEQ_FLAGS_PARTIAL_ONLY);
+        const size_t checkpoint_size = llama_state_seq_get_size_ext(ctx_dft, slot_id, LLAMA_STATE_SEQ_FLAGS_PARTIAL_ONLY | LLAMA_STATE_SEQ_FLAGS_ON_DEVICE);
 
         ckpt.pos_min  = llama_memory_seq_pos_min(llama_get_memory(ctx_dft), slot_id);
         ckpt.pos_max  = llama_memory_seq_pos_max(llama_get_memory(ctx_dft), slot_id);
         ckpt.n_tokens = n_tokens_prompt;
         ckpt.data.resize(checkpoint_size);
 
-        const size_t n = llama_state_seq_get_data_ext(ctx_dft, ckpt.data.data(), checkpoint_size, slot_id, LLAMA_STATE_SEQ_FLAGS_PARTIAL_ONLY);
+        const size_t n = llama_state_seq_get_data_ext(ctx_dft, ckpt.data.data(), checkpoint_size, slot_id, LLAMA_STATE_SEQ_FLAGS_PARTIAL_ONLY | LLAMA_STATE_SEQ_FLAGS_ON_DEVICE);
         if (n != checkpoint_size) {
             GGML_ABORT("checkpoint size mismatch: expected %zu, got %zu\n", checkpoint_size, n);
         }
@@ -272,7 +272,7 @@ struct common_speculative_state_draft : public common_speculative_state {
     size_t restore_checkpoint() {
         int slot_id = 0;
         LOG_DBG("%s: pos_min = %d, pos_max = %d\n", __func__, ckpt.pos_min, ckpt.pos_max);
-        const size_t n = llama_state_seq_set_data_ext(ctx_dft, ckpt.data.data(), ckpt.size(), slot_id, LLAMA_STATE_SEQ_FLAGS_PARTIAL_ONLY);
+        const size_t n = llama_state_seq_set_data_ext(ctx_dft, ckpt.data.data(), ckpt.size(), slot_id, LLAMA_STATE_SEQ_FLAGS_PARTIAL_ONLY | LLAMA_STATE_SEQ_FLAGS_ON_DEVICE);
         if (n != ckpt.size()) {
             GGML_ABORT("%s: failed to restore context checkpoint (pos_min=%d, pos_max=%d, size=%zu",
                         __func__, ckpt.pos_min, ckpt.pos_max, ckpt.size());

convert_hf_to_gguf_update.py

@@ -175,6 +175,7 @@ pre_computed_hashes = [
     {"name": "falcon-h1", "tokt": TOKENIZER_TYPE.BPE, "repo": "https://huggingface.co/tiiuae/Falcon-H1-34B-Base", "chkhsh": "48f8e02c0359c0bbdd82f26909171fac1c18a457bb47573ed1fe3bbb2c1cfd4b"},
     {"name": "kimi-k2",   "tokt": TOKENIZER_TYPE.BPE, "repo": "https://huggingface.co/moonshotai/Kimi-K2-Base",   "chkhsh": "81212dc7cdb7e0c1074ca62c5aeab0d43c9f52b8a737be7b12a777c953027890"},
     {"name": "qwen2",     "tokt": TOKENIZER_TYPE.BPE, "repo": "https://huggingface.co/Qwen/Qwen3-Embedding-0.6B", "chkhsh": "d4540891389ea895b53b399da6ac824becc30f2fba0e9ddbb98f92e55ca0e97c"},
+    {"name": "qwen35",    "tokt": TOKENIZER_TYPE.BPE, "repo": "https://huggingface.co/openbmb/MiniCPM-V-4_6", "chkhsh": "1444df51289cfa8063b96f0e62b1125440111bc79a52003ea14b6eac7016fd5f"},
     {"name": "grok-2",    "tokt": TOKENIZER_TYPE.BPE, "repo": "https://huggingface.co/alvarobartt/grok-2-tokenizer", "chkhsh": "66b8d4e19ab16c3bfd89bce5d785fb7e0155e8648708a1f42077cb9fe002c273"},
     # jina-v2-de variants
     {"name": "jina-v2-de", "tokt": TOKENIZER_TYPE.BPE, "repo": "https://huggingface.co/aari1995/German_Semantic_V3", "chkhsh": "b3d1dd861f1d4c5c0d2569ce36baf3f90fe8a102db3de50dd71ff860d91be3df"},

docs/multi-gpu.md

@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+# Using multiple GPUs with llama.cpp
+
+This guide explains how to run [llama.cpp](https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp) across more than one GPU. It covers the split modes, the command-line flags that control them, the limitations you need to know about, and ready-to-use recipes for `llama-cli` and `llama-server`.
+
+The CLI arguments listed here are the same for both tools - or most llama.cpp binaries for that matter.
+
+---
+
+## When you need multi-GPU
+
+Reach for multi-GPU when one of these is true:
+
+- **The model doesn't fit in a single GPU's VRAM.** By spreading the weights across two or more GPUs the whole model can stay on accelerators. Otherwise part of the model will need to be run off of the comparatively slower system RAM.
+- **You want more throughput.** By distributing the computation across multiple GPUs, each individual GPU has to do less work. This can result in better prefill and/or token generation performance, depending on the split mode and interconnect speed vs. the speed of an individual GPU.
+
+---
+
+## The split modes
+
+Set with `--split-mode` / `-sm`.
+
+| Mode | What it does | When to use |
+|---|---|---|
+| `none` | Use a single GPU only. Pick which one with `--main-gpu`. | You explicitly want to confine the model to one GPU even though more are visible. |
+| `layer` (**default**) | Pipeline parallelism. Each GPU holds a contiguous slice of layers. The KV cache for layer *l* lives on the GPU that owns layer *l*. | Default and most compatible multi-GPU choice. You want more memory than a single GPU provides and your priority is a fast prefill. Can tolerate slow interconnect speeds between GPUs. |
+| `row` | **Deprecated.** Older row-split tensor-parallel path with comparatively poor performance. Splits only dense weights across GPUs. Superseded by `tensor` which should be universally superior if it can be used. | Avoid in new deployments. |
+| `tensor` | **EXPERIMENTAL.** Tensor parallelism that splits both weights *and* KV across the participating GPUs via a "meta device" abstraction. | You want more memory than a single GPU provides and your priority is fast token generation. Prefill speeds approach pipeline parallel speeds for large, dense models and fast GPU interconnect speeds. Treat as experimental as the code is less mature than pipeline parallelism. Performance should be good for multiple NVIDIA GPUs using the CUDA backend, no guarantees otherwise. |
+
+> Pipeline parallel (`layer`) vs. tensor parallel (`tensor`): pipeline-parallel runs different layers on different GPUs and processes tokens sequentially through the pipeline. This minimizes data transfers between GPUs but requires many tokens to scale well. Tensor-parallel splits each layer across GPUs and does multiple cross-GPU reductions per layer. This enables parallelizing any workload but is much more bottlenecked by the GPU interconnect speed. Pipeline-parallel maximizes batch throughput; tensor-parallel minimizes latency.
+
+---
+
+## Command-line arguments reference
+
+| Short | Long | Value | Default | Notes |
+|---|---|---|---|---|
+| `-sm` | `--split-mode` | `none` \| `layer` \| `tensor` | `layer` | See modes above. |
+| `-ts` | `--tensor-split` | comma-separated proportions, e.g. `3,1` | mode-dependent | How much of the model goes to each GPU. If omitted, `layer`/`row` use automatic splitting proportional to memory, while `tensor` splits tensor segments evenly. With `3,1` on two GPUs, GPU 0 gets 75 %, GPU 1 gets 25 %. The values follow the order in `--device`. |
+| `-mg` | `--main-gpu` | integer device index | `0` | The single GPU used in `--split-mode none`. |
+| `-ngl` | `--n-gpu-layers` / `--gpu-layers` | integer \| `auto` \| `all` | `auto` | Maximum number of layers to keep in VRAM. Use `999` or `all` to push everything possible to the GPUs. |
+| `-dev` | `--device` | comma-separated device names, or `none` | auto | Restrict which devices llama.cpp may use. See `--list-devices` for names. |
+| | `--list-devices` | - | - | Print the available devices and their memory. Run this first to learn the names you'd pass to `--device`. |
+| `-fa` | `--flash-attn` | `on` \| `off` \| `auto` | `auto` | Required when using `--split-mode tensor` and/or quantized V cache. Supported (and therefore enabled by default) for most combinations of models and backends. |
+| `-ctk` | `--cache-type-k` | `f32` \| `f16` \| `bf16` \| `q8_0` \| `q4_0` \| ... | `f16` | KV cache type for K. |
+| `-ctv` | `--cache-type-v` | same as `-ctk` | `f16` | KV cache type for V. |
+| `-fit` | `--fit` | `on` \| `off` | `on` | Auto-fit unset args to device memory. **Not supported with `tensor`. You may need to manually set the `--ctx-size` to make the model fit.**  |
+
+As for any CUDA program, the environment variable `CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES` can be used to control which GPUs to use for the CUDA backend: if you set it, llama.cpp only sees the specified GPUs. Use `--device` for selecting GPUs from among those visible to llama.cpp, this works for any backend.
+
+---
+
+## Recipes
+
+### 1. Default - pipeline parallel across all visible GPUs
+
+```bash
+llama-cli -m model.gguf
+llama-server -m model.gguf
+```
+
+Easiest configuration. KV cache spreads across the GPUs along with the layers. `--fit` (on by default) sizes things automatically.
+
+### 2. Pipeline parallel with a custom split ratio
+
+```bash
+llama-cli -m model.gguf -ts 3,1
+```
+
+Useful when GPUs have different memory: GPU 0 (3 parts) and GPU 1 (1 part). Proportions are normalized so `-ts 3,1` is the same as e.g. `-ts 75,25`.
+
+### 3. Single-GPU mode, picking a specific GPU
+
+```bash
+llama-cli --list-devices
+llama-cli -m model.gguf -dev CUDA1
+```
+
+Use only the device listed as `CUDA1` when calling with `--list-devices`.
+
+### 4. Tensor parallelism (experimental)
+
+```bash
+llama-cli -m model.gguf -sm tensor -ctk f16 -ctv f16
+```
+
+- `--flash-attn off` or (`--flash-attn auto` resolving to `off` when it isn't supported) is a hard error.
+- KV cache types must be non-quantized: `f32`, `f16`, or `bf16`. Support for quantized KV cache is not implemented and trying to use it will result in an error.
+- Mark this configuration as experimental in your tooling: validate output quality before deploying.
+- `--split-mode tensor`is not implemented for all architectures. The following will fail with *"LLAMA_SPLIT_MODE_TENSOR not implemented for architecture '...'"*:
+
+  - **MoE / hybrid:** Grok, MPT, OLMoE, DeepSeek2, GLM-DSA, Nemotron-H, Nemotron-H-MoE, Granite-Hybrid, LFM2-MoE, Minimax-M2, Mistral4, Kimi-Linear, Jamba, Falcon-H1
+  - **State-space / RWKV-style:** Mamba, Mamba2 (and the hybrid Mamba-attention models above)
+  - **Other:** PLAMO2, MiniCPM3, Gemma-3n, OLMo2, BitNet, T5
+
+### 5. With NCCL
+
+There's no runtime flag for NCCL - it's selected at build time (`-DGGML_CUDA_NCCL=ON`, this is the default). Note that NCCL is **not** automatically distributed with CUDA and you may need to install it manually - when in doubt check the CMake log to see whether or not it can find the package. When llama.cpp is compiled with NCCL support it uses it automatically for cross-GPU reductions in `tensor` mode. When NCCL is missing on a multi-GPU build, you'll see this one-time warning and performance will be lower:
+
+```
+NVIDIA Collective Communications Library (NCCL) is unavailable, multi GPU performance will be suboptimal
+```
+
+When using the "ROCm" backend (which is the ggml CUDA code translated for AMD via HIP), the AMD equivalent RCCL can be used by compiling with `-DGGML_HIP_RCCL=ON`. Note that RCCL is by default *disabled* because (unlike NCCL) it was not universally beneficial during testing.
+### 6. With CUDA peer-to-peer access (`GGML_CUDA_P2P`)
+
+CUDA peer-to-peer (P2P) lets GPUs transfer data directly between each other instead of going through system memory, which generally improves multi-GPU performance. It is **opt-in** at runtime - set the environment variable `GGML_CUDA_P2P` to any value to enable it:
+
+```bash
+GGML_CUDA_P2P=1 llama-cli -m model.gguf -sm tensor
+```
+
+P2P requires driver support (usually restricted to workstation/datacenter GPUs) and **may cause crashes or corrupted outputs on some motherboards or BIOS configurations** (e.g. when IOMMU is enabled). If you see instability after enabling it, unset the variable.
+
+---
+
+## Troubleshooting
+
+| Symptom | How to fix |
+|---|---|
+| Startup error *"SPLIT_MODE_TENSOR requires flash_attn to be enabled"* | Add `-fa on` or remove `-fa off`. |
+| Startup error *"simultaneous use of SPLIT_MODE_TENSOR and KV cache quantization not implemented"* | Use `-ctk f16 -ctv f16` (or `bf16`/`f32`) with `--split-mode tensor`. |
+| Startup error *"LLAMA_SPLIT_MODE_TENSOR not implemented for architecture 'X'"* | Architecture not on the TENSOR allow-list. Use `--split-mode layer`. |
+| Warning *"NCCL is unavailable, multi GPU performance will be suboptimal"* | llama.cpp wasn't built with NCCL. Either accept the lower performance or install NCCL and rebuild. |
+| CUDA OOM at startup or during prefill in `--split-mode tensor` | Auto-fit is disabled in this mode, so reduce memory pressure yourself. In order from least to most disruptive: lower `--ctx-size` (`-c`) (KV cache is roughly proportional to `n_ctx`); for `llama-server`, lower `--parallel` (`-np`) (a slot KV cache is allocated per concurrent sequence); as a last resort, reduce `--n-gpu-layers` (`-ngl`) (the remaining layers run on CPU and inference will be much slower). |
+| Performance is worse with multi-GPU than single-GPU | The performance is bottlenecked by GPU interconnect speed. For `--split-mode tensor`, verify that NCCL is being used. Try `--split-mode layer` (less communication than `tensor`). Increase GPU interconnect speed via more PCIe lanes or e.g. NVLink (if available). |
+| GPU not used at all | `--n-gpu-layers` is `0` or too low - try explicitly setting `-ngl all`. Or you are accidentally hiding the GPUs via an environment variable like `CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES=-1`. Or your build doesn't include support for the relevant backend. |
+| Crashes or corrupted outputs after setting `GGML_CUDA_P2P=1` | Some motherboards and BIOS settings (e.g. with IOMMU enabled) don't support CUDA peer-to-peer reliably. Unset `GGML_CUDA_P2P`. |

docs/multimodal/minicpmv4.6.md

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+## MiniCPM-V 4.6
+
+### Prepare models and code
+
+Download [MiniCPM-V-4_6](https://huggingface.co/openbmb/MiniCPM-V-4_6) PyTorch model from huggingface to "MiniCPM-V-4_6" folder.
+
+The model must be the standard `transformers` v5.7.0+ checkpoint (no `trust_remote_code`); the architecture in `config.json` is `MiniCPMV4_6ForConditionalGeneration` with a `qwen3_5_text` text model and a SigLIP-based vision tower plus a window-attention `vit_merger`.
+
+### Build llama.cpp
+
+If there are differences in usage, please refer to the official build [documentation](https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/blob/master/docs/build.md)
+
+Clone llama.cpp:
+```bash
+git clone https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp
+cd llama.cpp
+```
+
+Build llama.cpp using `CMake`:
+```bash
+cmake -B build
+cmake --build build --config Release
+```
+
+
+### Usage of MiniCPM-V 4.6
+
+Unlike older MiniCPM-V variants, MiniCPM-V 4.6 is converted directly through `convert_hf_to_gguf.py`. The same script is invoked twice on the original Hugging Face directory: once to produce the language-model GGUF and once with `--mmproj` to produce the multimodal projector GGUF.
+
+```bash
+# language model
+python ./convert_hf_to_gguf.py ../MiniCPM-V-4_6 --outfile ../MiniCPM-V-4_6/ggml-model-f16.gguf
+
+# multimodal projector (vision tower + window-attention vit_merger + DownsampleMLP merger)
+python ./convert_hf_to_gguf.py ../MiniCPM-V-4_6 --mmproj --outfile ../MiniCPM-V-4_6/mmproj-model-f16.gguf
+
+# optional: quantize to Q4_K_M
+./build/bin/llama-quantize ../MiniCPM-V-4_6/ggml-model-f16.gguf ../MiniCPM-V-4_6/ggml-model-Q4_K_M.gguf Q4_K_M
+```
+
+
+Inference on Linux or Mac
+```bash
+# run in single-turn mode
+./build/bin/llama-mtmd-cli -m ../MiniCPM-V-4_6/ggml-model-f16.gguf --mmproj ../MiniCPM-V-4_6/mmproj-model-f16.gguf -c 4096 --temp 0.7 --top-p 0.8 --top-k 100 --repeat-penalty 1.05 --image xx.jpg -p "What is in the image?"
+
+# run in conversation mode
+./build/bin/llama-mtmd-cli -m ../MiniCPM-V-4_6/ggml-model-Q4_K_M.gguf --mmproj ../MiniCPM-V-4_6/mmproj-model-f16.gguf
+```

docs/ops.md

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ Legend:
 |                              ABS | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ❌ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
 |                              ACC | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | 🟡 | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
 |                              ADD | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
-|                             ADD1 | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
+|                             ADD1 | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
 |                           ADD_ID | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
 |                           ARANGE | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
 |                           ARGMAX | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
@@ -36,15 +36,15 @@ Legend:
 |                              CPY | ❌ | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | ❌ | ❌ |
 |               CROSS_ENTROPY_LOSS | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
 |          CROSS_ENTROPY_LOSS_BACK | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
-|                           CUMSUM | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
-|                             DIAG | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
+|                           CUMSUM | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
+|                             DIAG | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
 |                    DIAG_MASK_INF | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | 🟡 | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
 |                              DIV | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
 |                              DUP | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
 |                              ELU | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ❌ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
 |                              EXP | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ❌ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
 |                            EXPM1 | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
-|                             FILL | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
+|                             FILL | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
 |                   FLASH_ATTN_EXT | ❌ | 🟡 | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | ❌ | ❌ |
 |                            FLOOR | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ❌ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
 |                  GATED_DELTA_NET | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | 🟡 | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
@@ -101,11 +101,11 @@ Legend:
 |                         SOFTPLUS | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ❌ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
 |                         SOFT_MAX | ❌ | 🟡 | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
 |                    SOFT_MAX_BACK | ❌ | ❌ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ❌ | ❌ | 🟡 | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
-|                        SOLVE_TRI | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
+|                        SOLVE_TRI | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ❌ | 🟡 | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
 |                              SQR | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
 |                             SQRT | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
 |                         SSM_CONV | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
-|                         SSM_SCAN | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | 🟡 | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
+|                         SSM_SCAN | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
 |                             STEP | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ❌ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
 |                              SUB | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
 |                              SUM | ❌ | 🟡 | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ❌ | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | ❌ | ❌ |

examples/save-load-state/save-load-state.cpp

@@ -38,8 +38,12 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
     std::string result0;
     std::string result1;
     std::string result2;
+    std::string result3;
 
     // init
+
+    ggml_backend_load_all();
+
     auto llama_init = common_init_from_params(params);
 
     auto * model = llama_init->model();
@@ -213,11 +217,83 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
         n_past += 1;
     }
 
+    // test on-device state save/load
+    auto params_ctx4 = common_context_params_to_llama(params);
+    params_ctx4.n_seq_max = 2;
+    llama_context * ctx4 = llama_init_from_model(model, params_ctx4);
+
+    llama_sampler * smpl4 = llama_sampler_chain_init(sparams);
+
+    llama_sampler_chain_add(smpl4, llama_sampler_init_dist(params.sampling.seed));
+
+    printf("\nsingle seq run: %s", params.prompt.c_str());
+
+    // load state (rng, logits, embedding and kv_cache) from file
+    n_token_count_out = 0;
+
+    if (!llama_state_load_file(ctx4, state_file.data(), unused_sts.data(), unused_sts.size(), &n_token_count_out)) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "\n%s : failed to load state\n", __func__);
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    fprintf(stderr, "%s : loaded state with %zu tokens\n", __func__, n_token_count_out);
+
+    // restore state (last tokens)
+    n_past = n_token_count_out;
+    if (!common_replay_last_token(ctx4, tokens.back(), n_past)) {
+        return 1;
+    }
+    ++n_past;
+
+    // save seq 0 and load into seq 1
+    {
+        // save kv of seq 0
+        std::vector<uint8_t> seq_store(llama_state_seq_get_size_ext(ctx4, 0, LLAMA_STATE_SEQ_FLAGS_ON_DEVICE));
+        const size_t ncopy = llama_state_seq_get_data_ext(ctx4, seq_store.data(), seq_store.size(), 0, LLAMA_STATE_SEQ_FLAGS_ON_DEVICE);
+        if (ncopy != seq_store.size()) {
+            fprintf(stderr, "\n%s : seq copy data length %zd does not match expected length %zd\n", __func__, ncopy, seq_store.size());
+            return 1;
+        }
+        fprintf(stderr, "%s : seq 0 copied, %zd bytes\n", __func__, ncopy);
+
+        // erase whole kv
+        llama_memory_clear(llama_get_memory(ctx4), true);
+        fprintf(stderr, "%s : kv cache cleared\n", __func__);
+
+        // restore kv into seq 0
+        const size_t nset = llama_state_seq_set_data_ext(ctx4, seq_store.data(), seq_store.size(), 1, LLAMA_STATE_SEQ_FLAGS_ON_DEVICE);
+        if (nset != seq_store.size()) {
+            fprintf(stderr, "\n%s : seq set data length %zd does not match expected length %zd\n", __func__, nset, seq_store.size());
+            return 1;
+        }
+        fprintf(stderr, "%s : seq 1 restored, %zd bytes\n", __func__, nset);
+    }
+
+    // forth run
+    for (auto i = 0; i < params.n_predict; i++) {
+        auto next_token     = llama_sampler_sample(smpl4, ctx4, -1);
+        auto next_token_str = common_token_to_piece(ctx4, next_token);
+
+        printf("%s", next_token_str.c_str());
+        result3 += next_token_str;
+
+        common_batch_clear(batch);
+        common_batch_add(batch, next_token, n_past, {1}, true);
+
+        if (llama_decode(ctx4, batch)) {
+            fprintf(stderr, "\n%s : failed to evaluate\n", __func__);
+            llama_batch_free(batch);
+            return 1;
+        }
+        n_past += 1;
+    }
+
     printf("\n");
 
     llama_sampler_free(smpl);
     llama_sampler_free(smpl2);
     llama_sampler_free(smpl3);
+    llama_sampler_free(smpl4);
 
     llama_batch_free(batch);
 
@@ -226,12 +302,18 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
 
     llama_free(ctx2);
     llama_free(ctx3);
+    llama_free(ctx4);
 
     if (result0 != result2) {
         fprintf(stderr, "\n%s : error : the seq restore generation is different\n", __func__);
         return 1;
     }
 
+    if (result0 != result3) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "\n%s : error : the seq restore generation is different\n", __func__);
+        return 1;
+    }
+
     fprintf(stderr, "\n%s : success\n", __func__);
 
     return 0;

examples/sycl/start-svr.sh

@@ -111,14 +111,14 @@ if [ $GGML_SYCL_DEVICE -ne -1 ]; then
     echo "Use $GGML_SYCL_DEVICE as main GPU"
     #use signle GPU only
     GPUS_SETTING="-mg $GGML_SYCL_DEVICE -sm ${SPLIT_MODE}"
-    export ONEAPI_DEVICE_SELECTOR="level_zero:${$GGML_SYCL_DEVICE}"
+    export ONEAPI_DEVICE_SELECTOR="level_zero:${GGML_SYCL_DEVICE}"
     echo "ONEAPI_DEVICE_SELECTOR=${ONEAPI_DEVICE_SELECTOR}"
 else
     echo "Use all Intel GPUs, including iGPU & dGPU"
     GPUS_SETTING="-sm ${SPLIT_MODE}"
  fi
 
-echo "run cmd: ZES_ENABLE_SYSMAN=1 ${BIN_FILE} -m ${MODEL_FILE} -no-cnv -p "${INPUT_PROMPT}" -n 200 -e -ngl ${NGL} -s ${SEED} -c ${CONTEXT} ${GPUS_SETTING} -lv ${LOG_VERBOSE}  --mmap "
+echo "run cmd: ZES_ENABLE_SYSMAN=1 ${BIN_FILE} -m ${MODEL_FILE} -ngl ${NGL} -s ${SEED} -c ${CONTEXT} ${GPUS_SETTING} -lv ${LOG_VERBOSE}  --mmap --host 0.0.0.0 --port 8000"
 ZES_ENABLE_SYSMAN=1 ${BIN_FILE} -m ${MODEL_FILE} -ngl ${NGL} -s ${SEED} -c ${CONTEXT} ${GPUS_SETTING} -lv ${LOG_VERBOSE} --mmap --host 0.0.0.0 --port 8000
 
 

examples/sycl/test.sh

@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ if [ $GGML_SYCL_DEVICE -ne -1 ]; then
     echo "Use $GGML_SYCL_DEVICE as main GPU"
     #use signle GPU only
     GPUS_SETTING="-mg $GGML_SYCL_DEVICE -sm ${SPLIT_MODE}"
-    export ONEAPI_DEVICE_SELECTOR="level_zero:${$GGML_SYCL_DEVICE}"
+    export ONEAPI_DEVICE_SELECTOR="level_zero:${GGML_SYCL_DEVICE}"
     echo "ONEAPI_DEVICE_SELECTOR=${ONEAPI_DEVICE_SELECTOR}"
 else
     echo "Use all Intel GPUs, including iGPU & dGPU"

ggml/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -4,8 +4,8 @@ project("ggml" C CXX ASM)
 
 ### GGML Version
 set(GGML_VERSION_MAJOR 0)
-set(GGML_VERSION_MINOR 10)
-set(GGML_VERSION_PATCH 2)
+set(GGML_VERSION_MINOR 11)
+set(GGML_VERSION_PATCH 0)
 set(GGML_VERSION_BASE "${GGML_VERSION_MAJOR}.${GGML_VERSION_MINOR}.${GGML_VERSION_PATCH}")
 
 list(APPEND CMAKE_MODULE_PATH "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/cmake/")

ggml/include/ggml-backend.h

@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ extern "C" {
         // device type
         enum ggml_backend_dev_type type;
         // device id
-        //   for PCI devices, this should be the PCI bus id formatted as "domain:bus:device.function" (e.g. "0000:01:00.0")
+        //   for PCI devices, this should be the lower-case PCI bus id formatted as "domain:bus:device.function" (e.g. "0000:c1:00.0")
         //   if the id is unknown, this should be NULL
         const char * device_id;
         // device capabilities

ggml/src/ggml-backend.cpp

@@ -965,7 +965,7 @@ static void ggml_backend_sched_print_assignments(ggml_backend_sched_t sched, str
         }
         if (sched->debug > 1) {
             ggml_backend_t tensor_backend = ggml_backend_sched_get_tensor_backend(sched, node);
-            GGML_LOG_DEBUG("node #%3d (%10.10s): %20.20s (%5.5s) [%5.5s %8.8s] use=%d,c=%d:", i, ggml_op_name(node->op), node->name,
+            GGML_LOG_DEBUG("node #%3d (%10.10s): %20.20s (%5.5s) [%5.5s %8.8s] use=%d,c=%d:", i, ggml_op_desc(node), node->name,
                 fmt_size(ggml_nbytes(node)), tensor_backend ? ggml_backend_name(tensor_backend) : "NULL", GET_CAUSE(node),
                 graph->use_counts[ggml_hash_find(&graph->visited_hash_set, node)], node->flags & GGML_TENSOR_FLAG_COMPUTE ? 1 : 0);
             for (int j = 0; j < GGML_MAX_SRC; j++) {

ggml/src/ggml-cpu/arch-fallback.h

@@ -203,7 +203,6 @@
 #elif defined(__riscv)
 // quants.c
 #define ggml_vec_dot_nvfp4_q8_0_generic ggml_vec_dot_nvfp4_q8_0
-#define ggml_vec_dot_q1_0_q8_0_generic ggml_vec_dot_q1_0_q8_0
 // repack.cpp
 #define ggml_quantize_mat_q8_0_4x1_generic ggml_quantize_mat_q8_0_4x1
 #define ggml_quantize_mat_q8_0_4x4_generic ggml_quantize_mat_q8_0_4x4

ggml/src/ggml-cpu/arch/riscv/quants.c

@@ -480,6 +480,104 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q8_0_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
 #endif
 }
 
+#if defined(__riscv_v)
+static NOINLINE void ggml_vec_dot_q1_0_q8_0_vl256(const int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy) {
+    const int qk = QK1_0;
+    const int nb = n / qk;
+    assert(n % qk == 0);
+
+    const block_q1_0 * GGML_RESTRICT x = vx;
+    const block_q8_0 * GGML_RESTRICT y = vy;
+
+    //LMUL = 1, VLMAX = 32
+    const size_t vl32 = __riscv_vsetvl_e8m1(32);
+    assert(vl32 == 32);
+
+    const vint16m1_t zero = __riscv_vmv_v_x_i16m1(0, 1);
+
+    float sumf = 0;
+
+    for (int ib = 0; ib < nb; ++ib) {
+        const float d0 = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].d);
+
+        float acc = 0;
+
+        for (int k = 0; k < 4; ++k) {
+            const block_q8_0 * GGML_RESTRICT yb = &y[ib * 4 + k];
+            const vbool8_t is_not_zero = __riscv_vlm_v_b8(x[ib].qs + 4 * k, vl32);
+
+            const vint8m1_t qy = __riscv_vle8_v_i8m1(yb->qs, vl32);
+            const vint8m1_t neg_qy = __riscv_vneg_v_i8m1(qy, vl32);
+            const vint8m1_t sy = __riscv_vmerge_vvm_i8m1(neg_qy, qy, is_not_zero, vl32);
+
+            const vint16m1_t red = __riscv_vwredsum_vs_i8m1_i16m1(sy, zero, vl32);
+            acc += GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(yb->d) * (float)__riscv_vmv_x_s_i16m1_i16(red);
+        }
+
+        sumf += d0 * acc;
+    }
+
+    *s = sumf;
+}
+
+static NOINLINE void ggml_vec_dot_q1_0_q8_0_vl128(const int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy) {
+    const int qk = QK1_0;
+    const int nb = n / qk;
+    assert(n % qk == 0);
+
+    const block_q1_0 * GGML_RESTRICT x = vx;
+    const block_q8_0 * GGML_RESTRICT y = vy;
+
+    //LMUL = 2, VLMAX = 32
+    const size_t vl32 = __riscv_vsetvl_e8m2(32);
+    assert(vl32 == 32);
+
+    const vint16m1_t zero = __riscv_vmv_v_x_i16m1(0, 1);
+
+    float sumf = 0;
+
+    for (int ib = 0; ib < nb; ++ib) {
+        const float d0 = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].d);
+
+        float acc = 0;
+
+        for (int k = 0; k < 4; ++k) {
+            const block_q8_0 * GGML_RESTRICT yb = &y[ib * 4 + k];
+            const vbool4_t is_not_zero = __riscv_vlm_v_b4(x[ib].qs + 4 * k, vl32);
+
+            const vint8m2_t qy = __riscv_vle8_v_i8m2(yb->qs, vl32);
+            const vint8m2_t neg_qy =__riscv_vneg_v_i8m2(qy, vl32);
+            const vint8m2_t sy = __riscv_vmerge_vvm_i8m2(neg_qy, qy, is_not_zero, vl32);
+
+            const vint16m1_t red = __riscv_vwredsum_vs_i8m2_i16m1(sy, zero, vl32);
+            acc += GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(yb->d) * (float)__riscv_vmv_x_s_i16m1_i16(red);
+        }
+
+        sumf += d0 * acc;
+    }
+
+    *s = sumf;
+}
+#endif
+
+void ggml_vec_dot_q1_0_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, size_t bx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, size_t by, int nrc) {
+#if defined(__riscv_v)
+    assert(nrc == 1);
+
+    const size_t vlen_bits = __riscv_vlenb() * 8;
+
+    if (vlen_bits >= 256) {
+        ggml_vec_dot_q1_0_q8_0_vl256(n, s, vx, vy);
+    } else if (vlen_bits >= 128) {
+        ggml_vec_dot_q1_0_q8_0_vl128(n, s, vx, vy);
+    } else {
+        ggml_vec_dot_q1_0_q8_0_generic(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
+    }
+#else
+    ggml_vec_dot_q1_0_q8_0_generic(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
+#endif
+}
+
 void ggml_vec_dot_q2_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, size_t bx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, size_t by, int nrc) {
     assert(nrc == 1);
     UNUSED(nrc);

ggml/src/ggml-cpu/ggml-cpu.c

@@ -2965,6 +2965,45 @@ struct ggml_cplan ggml_graph_plan(
     return cplan;
 }
 
+
+// Try to fuse the current node with subsequent nodes for better performance.
+// Returns the number of nodes skipped by fusion (>=1), or 0 if no fusion was applied.
+static bool ggml_cpu_disable_fusion = false;  // initialized once in ggml_cpu_init(), read-only afterwards
+
+static int ggml_cpu_try_fuse_ops(
+        const struct ggml_cgraph * cgraph,
+        const int node_n,
+        const struct ggml_compute_params * params,
+        const struct ggml_cplan * cplan) {
+
+    if (ggml_cpu_disable_fusion || cplan->use_ref) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    struct ggml_tensor * node = cgraph->nodes[node_n];
+
+    if (node->op == GGML_OP_RMS_NORM) {
+        // RMS_NORM + MUL fusion
+        const enum ggml_op fuse_ops[] = { GGML_OP_RMS_NORM, GGML_OP_MUL };
+        if (ggml_can_fuse(cgraph, node_n, fuse_ops, 2)) {
+            struct ggml_tensor * mul_node = cgraph->nodes[node_n + 1];
+            const struct ggml_tensor * mul_w = (mul_node->src[0] == node)
+                ? mul_node->src[1] : mul_node->src[0];
+            if (node->src[0]->type  == GGML_TYPE_F32 &&
+                mul_node->type      == GGML_TYPE_F32 &&
+                mul_w->type         == GGML_TYPE_F32 &&
+                mul_w->ne[0]        == node->ne[0]   &&
+                mul_w->nb[0]        == sizeof(float)) {
+
+                ggml_compute_forward_rms_norm_mul_fused(params, node, mul_node);
+                return 1;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
 static thread_ret_t ggml_graph_compute_thread(void * data) {
     struct ggml_compute_state * state = (struct ggml_compute_state *) data;
     struct ggml_threadpool    * tp    = state->threadpool;
@@ -3001,7 +3040,14 @@ static thread_ret_t ggml_graph_compute_thread(void * data) {
             continue;
         }
 
-        ggml_compute_forward(&params, node);
+        // TODO: move fused-op detection into ggml_graph_plan so fusion decisions are made once at planning time
+        // Try fused ops, fall back to normal compute
+        const int n_fused = ggml_cpu_try_fuse_ops(cgraph, node_n, &params, cplan);
+        if (n_fused > 0) {
+            node_n += n_fused;
+        } else {
+            ggml_compute_forward(&params, node);
+        }
 
         if (state->ith == 0 && cplan->abort_callback &&
                 cplan->abort_callback(cplan->abort_callback_data)) {
@@ -3763,6 +3809,11 @@ void ggml_cpu_init(void) {
         ggml_init_riscv_arch_features();
 #endif
 
+        {
+            const char * env = getenv("GGML_CPU_DISABLE_FUSION");
+            ggml_cpu_disable_fusion = (env != NULL && atoi(env) == 1);
+        }
+
         is_first_call = false;
     }
 

ggml/src/ggml-cpu/ops.cpp

@@ -3713,11 +3713,27 @@ void ggml_compute_forward_norm(
 
 // ggml_compute_forward_group_rms_norm
 
+// fusion kinds that can be combined with the rms_norm computation in a single pass.
+// extend this enum when adding new fused variants (e.g. FUSE_ADD, FUSE_MUL_ADD, ...).
+enum ggml_rms_norm_fuse_op {
+    GGML_RMS_NORM_FUSE_OP_NONE,
+    GGML_RMS_NORM_FUSE_OP_MUL,
+};
+
+template <ggml_rms_norm_fuse_op FUSE_OP>
 static void ggml_compute_forward_rms_norm_f32(
         const ggml_compute_params * params,
-        ggml_tensor * dst) {
+        ggml_tensor * dst_rms_norm,
+        ggml_tensor * dst_fused = nullptr) {
 
-    const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
+    const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst_rms_norm->src[0];
+    const ggml_tensor * src1 = nullptr;
+    ggml_tensor       * dst  = dst_rms_norm;
+
+    if constexpr (FUSE_OP == GGML_RMS_NORM_FUSE_OP_MUL) {
+        src1 = (dst_fused->src[0] == dst_rms_norm) ? dst_fused->src[1] : dst_fused->src[0];
+        dst  = dst_fused;
+    }
 
     GGML_ASSERT(ggml_are_same_shape(src0, dst));
 
@@ -3726,11 +3742,10 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_rms_norm_f32(
     const int ith = params->ith;
     const int nth = params->nth;
 
-    GGML_TENSOR_UNARY_OP_LOCALS
+    GGML_TENSOR_BINARY_OP_LOCALS
 
     float eps;
-    memcpy(&eps, dst->op_params, sizeof(float));
-
+    memcpy(&eps, dst_rms_norm->op_params, sizeof(float));
     GGML_ASSERT(eps >= 0.0f);
 
     // TODO: optimize
@@ -3740,25 +3755,32 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_rms_norm_f32(
                 const float * x = (float *) ((char *) src0->data + i01*nb01 + i02*nb02 + i03*nb03);
 
                 ggml_float sum = 0.0;
+                // worth switching to explicit SIMD?
                 for (int64_t i00 = 0; i00 < ne00; i00++) {
                     sum += (ggml_float)(x[i00] * x[i00]);
                 }
 
-                const float mean = sum/ne00;
-
-                float * y = (float *) ((char *) dst->data + i01*nb1 + i02*nb2 + i03*nb3);
-
-                memcpy(y, x, ne00 * sizeof(float));
-                // for (int i00 = 0; i00 < ne00; i00++) {
-                //     y[i00] = x[i00];
-                // }
-
+                const float mean  = sum/ne00;
                 const float scale = 1.0f/sqrtf(mean + eps);
 
                 // if you hit this, likely you got an inf somewhere earlier
                 assert(scale > 0.0f);
 
-                ggml_vec_scale_f32(ne00, y, scale);
+                float * y = (float *) ((char *) dst->data + i01*nb1 + i02*nb2 + i03*nb3);
+
+                if constexpr (FUSE_OP == GGML_RMS_NORM_FUSE_OP_MUL) {
+                    const int64_t i11 = i01 % ne11;
+                    const int64_t i12 = i02 % ne12;
+                    const int64_t i13 = i03 % ne13;
+                    const float * w = (float *) ((char *) src1->data + i11*nb11 + i12*nb12 + i13*nb13);
+
+                    for (int64_t i00 = 0; i00 < ne00; i00++) {
+                        y[i00] = x[i00] * scale * w[i00];
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    memcpy(y, x, ne00 * sizeof(float));
+                    ggml_vec_scale_f32(ne00, y, scale);
+                }
             }
         }
     }
@@ -3773,7 +3795,31 @@ void ggml_compute_forward_rms_norm(
     switch (src0->type) {
         case GGML_TYPE_F32:
             {
-                ggml_compute_forward_rms_norm_f32(params, dst);
+                ggml_compute_forward_rms_norm_f32<GGML_RMS_NORM_FUSE_OP_NONE>(params, dst);
+            } break;
+        default:
+            {
+                GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
+            }
+    }
+}
+
+// Fused RMS_NORM + MUL: computes dst = rms_norm(src0) * src1 in a single pass.
+// This avoids materializing the intermediate rms_norm result in memory.
+void ggml_compute_forward_rms_norm_mul_fused(
+        const ggml_compute_params * params,
+        ggml_tensor * dst_rms_norm,
+        ggml_tensor * dst_mul) {
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(dst_mul != nullptr);
+    GGML_ASSERT(dst_mul->src[0] == dst_rms_norm || dst_mul->src[1] == dst_rms_norm);
+
+    const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst_rms_norm->src[0];
+
+    switch (src0->type) {
+        case GGML_TYPE_F32:
+            {
+                ggml_compute_forward_rms_norm_f32<GGML_RMS_NORM_FUSE_OP_MUL>(params, dst_rms_norm, dst_mul);
             } break;
         default:
             {

ggml/src/ggml-cpu/ops.h

@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ void ggml_compute_forward_concat(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, stru
 void ggml_compute_forward_silu_back(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst);
 void ggml_compute_forward_norm(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst);
 void ggml_compute_forward_rms_norm(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst);
+void ggml_compute_forward_rms_norm_mul_fused(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst_rms_norm, struct ggml_tensor * dst_mul);
 void ggml_compute_forward_rms_norm_back(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst);
 void ggml_compute_forward_group_norm(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst);
 void ggml_compute_forward_l2_norm(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst);

ggml/src/ggml-cuda/ggml-cuda.cu

@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@
 #include "ggml-cuda/rope.cuh"
 #include "ggml-cuda/roll.cuh"
 #include "ggml-cuda/scale.cuh"
+#include "ggml-cuda/snake.cuh"
 #include "ggml-cuda/softcap.cuh"
 #include "ggml-cuda/softmax.cuh"
 #include "ggml-cuda/ssm-conv.cuh"
@@ -3757,6 +3758,35 @@ static int ggml_cuda_try_fuse(ggml_backend_cuda_context * cuda_ctx, ggml_cgraph
         return 2;
     }
 
+    // Snake activation: y = x + sin(a*x)^2 * inv_b
+    // Naive 5-op decomposition emitted by frontends: mul -> sin -> sqr -> mul -> add
+    if (ggml_can_fuse_subgraph(cgraph, i,
+            { GGML_OP_MUL, GGML_OP_SIN, GGML_OP_SQR, GGML_OP_MUL, GGML_OP_ADD },
+            { i + 4 })) {
+        const ggml_tensor * mul0 = cgraph->nodes[i];
+        const ggml_tensor * sqr  = cgraph->nodes[i + 2];
+        const ggml_tensor * mul1 = cgraph->nodes[i + 3];
+        ggml_tensor *       add  = cgraph->nodes[i + 4];
+
+        // x carries the full activation shape, a is the broadcast operand
+        const ggml_tensor * x = ggml_are_same_shape(mul0, mul0->src[0]) ? mul0->src[0] : mul0->src[1];
+        const ggml_tensor * a = (x == mul0->src[0]) ? mul0->src[1] : mul0->src[0];
+
+        // mul1 reads sqr and inv_b in either operand order
+        const ggml_tensor * inv_b = (mul1->src[0] == sqr) ? mul1->src[1] : mul1->src[0];
+
+        // closure check: the trailing add must read the same x as the leading mul
+        const ggml_tensor * x_in_add = (add->src[0] == mul1) ? add->src[1] : add->src[0];
+
+        const bool type_ok  = (x->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || x->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 || x->type == GGML_TYPE_BF16);
+        const bool shape_ok = ggml_are_same_shape(a, inv_b) && a->ne[0] == 1 && a->ne[1] == x->ne[1];
+
+        if (type_ok && shape_ok && x_in_add == x && add->type == x->type) {
+            ggml_cuda_op_snake_fused(*cuda_ctx, x, a, inv_b, add);
+            return 4;
+        }
+    }
+
     // multi-(add or mul)
     if (node->op == GGML_OP_ADD || node->op == GGML_OP_MUL) {
         int     n_fuse = 0;
@@ -5434,6 +5464,9 @@ ggml_backend_reg_t ggml_backend_cuda_reg() {
                 char pci_bus_id[32] = {};
                 CUDA_CHECK(cudaDeviceGetPCIBusId(pci_bus_id, sizeof(pci_bus_id), i));
                 dev_ctx->pci_bus_id = pci_bus_id;
+                for (char & c : dev_ctx->pci_bus_id) {
+                    c = std::tolower(c);
+                }
                 dev_ctx->op_offload_min_batch_size = min_batch_size;
 
                 ggml_backend_dev_t dev = new ggml_backend_device {

ggml/src/ggml-cuda/out-prod.cu

@@ -54,15 +54,31 @@ void ggml_cuda_out_prod(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
     const int64_t dps2 = ne2 / ne02;
     const int64_t dps3 = ne3 / ne03;
 
-    // TODO batched matrix multiplication
-    for (int64_t i3 = 0; i3 < ne3; ++i3) {
-        for (int64_t i2 = 0; i2 < ne2; ++i2) {
+    if (dps2 == 1 && ne2 > 1) {
+        // src0 has uniform stride s02 along dim 2; batch the inner loop with a strided GEMM
+        GGML_ASSERT(ne2 <= std::numeric_limits<int>::max());
+        const int batch_count = (int) ne2;
+        for (int64_t i3 = 0; i3 < ne3; ++i3) {
             CUBLAS_CHECK(
-                cublasSgemm(handle, CUBLAS_OP_N, src1_cublas_op,
+                cublasSgemmStridedBatched(handle, CUBLAS_OP_N, src1_cublas_op,
                         ne0, ne1, ne01,
-                        &alpha, src0_d + (i3/dps3)*s03 + (i2/dps2)*s02, lda,
-                                src1_d +  i3      *s13 +  i2      *s12, ldb,
-                        &beta,  dst_d  +  i3      *s3  +  i2      *s2,  ldc));
+                        &alpha, src0_d + (i3/dps3)*s03, lda, s02,
+                                src1_d +  i3     *s13, ldb, s12,
+                        &beta,  dst_d  +  i3     *s3,  ldc, s2,
+                        batch_count));
+        }
+    } else {
+        // Fallback: ne2 == 1 (no batching benefit) or dps2 > 1 (src0 broadcast along dim 2
+        // with non-uniform stride; would need cublasSgemmBatched with pointer arrays).
+        for (int64_t i3 = 0; i3 < ne3; ++i3) {
+            for (int64_t i2 = 0; i2 < ne2; ++i2) {
+                CUBLAS_CHECK(
+                    cublasSgemm(handle, CUBLAS_OP_N, src1_cublas_op,
+                            ne0, ne1, ne01,
+                            &alpha, src0_d + (i3/dps3)*s03 + (i2/dps2)*s02, lda,
+                                    src1_d +  i3      *s13 +  i2      *s12, ldb,
+                            &beta,  dst_d  +  i3      *s3  +  i2      *s2,  ldc));
+            }
         }
     }
 }

ggml/src/ggml-cuda/snake.cu

@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+#include "snake.cuh"
+#include "convert.cuh"
+
+// Fused Snake activation: y = x + sin^2(a * x) * inv_b
+// x: [T, C] (T contiguous), a: [1, C], inv_b: [1, C]
+// Supports F32, F16, BF16 data with F32 compute.
+
+template <typename T>
+static __global__ void snake_kernel(
+        const T     * __restrict__ x,
+        const float * __restrict__ a,
+        const float * __restrict__ inv_b,
+        T           * __restrict__ dst,
+        const int    total,
+        const uint3  T_len_fastdiv) {
+    const int idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;
+    if (idx >= total) return;
+
+    const int c = (int) fastdiv((uint32_t) idx, T_len_fastdiv);
+
+    const float xi = ggml_cuda_cast<float>(x[idx]);
+    const float s  = sinf(a[c] * xi);
+    dst[idx] = ggml_cuda_cast<T>(xi + s * s * inv_b[c]);
+}
+
+// Internal launcher with explicit x/a/inv_b/dst tensors.
+// Shared by the public op (reads dst->src) and the fusion path (explicit args).
+static void launch_snake(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx,
+                         const ggml_tensor * x,
+                         const ggml_tensor * a,
+                         const ggml_tensor * inv_b,
+                         ggml_tensor *       dst) {
+    const float * a_d     = (const float *)a->data;
+    const float * inv_b_d = (const float *)inv_b->data;
+
+    const int   T = (int)x->ne[0];
+    const int   C = (int)x->ne[1];
+    const int   total = T * C;
+    const uint3 T_len_fastdiv = init_fastdiv_values((uint64_t) T);
+
+    const int block_size = 256;
+    const int grid_size  = (total + block_size - 1) / block_size;
+
+    cudaStream_t stream = ctx.stream();
+
+    switch (x->type) {
+        case GGML_TYPE_F32: {
+            snake_kernel<<<grid_size, block_size, 0, stream>>>(
+                (const float *)x->data, a_d, inv_b_d, (float *)dst->data, total, T_len_fastdiv);
+        } break;
+        case GGML_TYPE_F16: {
+            snake_kernel<<<grid_size, block_size, 0, stream>>>(
+                (const half *)x->data, a_d, inv_b_d, (half *)dst->data, total, T_len_fastdiv);
+        } break;
+        case GGML_TYPE_BF16: {
+            snake_kernel<<<grid_size, block_size, 0, stream>>>(
+                (const nv_bfloat16 *)x->data, a_d, inv_b_d, (nv_bfloat16 *)dst->data, total, T_len_fastdiv);
+        } break;
+        default:
+            GGML_ABORT("snake: unsupported type");
+    }
+}
+
+// Fusion entry: caller supplies x/a/inv_b explicitly from the matched
+// mul -> sin -> sqr -> mul -> add pattern. The dst is the trailing add output.
+void ggml_cuda_op_snake_fused(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx,
+                              const ggml_tensor * x,
+                              const ggml_tensor * a,
+                              const ggml_tensor * inv_b,
+                              ggml_tensor *       dst) {
+    launch_snake(ctx, x, a, inv_b, dst);
+}

ggml/src/ggml-cuda/snake.cuh

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#include "common.cuh"
+
+// Fusion entry point. Caller supplies x/a/inv_b explicitly.
+void ggml_cuda_op_snake_fused(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx,
+                              const ggml_tensor * x,
+                              const ggml_tensor * a,
+                              const ggml_tensor * inv_b,
+                              ggml_tensor *       dst);

ggml/src/ggml-cuda/vendors/hip.h

@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@
 #define cublasSetMathMode(handle, mode) CUBLAS_STATUS_SUCCESS
 #define cublasSetStream hipblasSetStream
 #define cublasSgemm hipblasSgemm
+#define cublasSgemmStridedBatched hipblasSgemmStridedBatched
 #define cublasStatus_t hipblasStatus_t
 #define cublasOperation_t hipblasOperation_t
 #define cudaDevAttrCooperativeLaunch hipDeviceAttributeCooperativeLaunch

ggml/src/ggml-cuda/vendors/musa.h

@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@
 #define cublasSetMathMode mublasSetMathMode
 #define cublasSetStream mublasSetStream
 #define cublasSgemm mublasSgemm
+#define cublasSgemmStridedBatched mublasSgemmStridedBatched
 #define cublasStatus_t mublasStatus_t
 #define cublasOperation_t mublasOperation_t
 #define cublasGetStatusString mublasGetStatusString

ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/hmx-matmul-ops.c

@@ -742,17 +742,45 @@ static void transfer_output_chunk_threaded(struct htp_context *ctx, float *dst,
 // activations : fp32 -> fp16
 
 static void transfer_activation_chunk_fp32_to_fp16(__fp16 *restrict vtcm_dst, const float *restrict src, int n_rows, int k_block, int k_stride) {
-    for (int r = 0; r < n_rows; r += 2) {
+    const int n_rows_padded = hex_align_up(n_rows, HMX_FP16_TILE_N_ROWS);
+    const int n_rows_tiled  = (n_rows / HMX_FP16_TILE_N_ROWS) * HMX_FP16_TILE_N_ROWS;
+
+    int r = 0;
+
+    #pragma unroll(2)
+    for (r = 0; r < n_rows_tiled; r += 2) {
         int r0 = r / HMX_FP16_TILE_N_ROWS;  // tile row index
         int r1 = r % HMX_FP16_TILE_N_ROWS;  // intra-tile row idx
 
-        const bool next_row_valid = (r + 1) < n_rows;
-
         const HVX_Vector *pv_in0 = (const HVX_Vector *) (src + (r + 0) * k_stride);
         const HVX_Vector *pv_in1 = (const HVX_Vector *) (src + (r + 1) * k_stride);
         for (int c = 0; c < k_block; c += 32) {
             HVX_Vector v0 = *pv_in0++;
-            HVX_Vector v1 = next_row_valid ? *pv_in1++ : Q6_V_vzero();
+            HVX_Vector v1 = *pv_in1++;
+
+            HVX_Vector v_out = hvx_vec_f32_to_f16_shuff(v0, v1);
+
+            // compute output position
+            int c0       = c / HMX_FP16_TILE_N_COLS;  // tile column index
+            int tile_idx = r0 * (k_block / HMX_FP16_TILE_N_COLS) + c0;
+
+            HVX_Vector *tile = (HVX_Vector *) (vtcm_dst + tile_idx * HMX_FP16_TILE_N_ELMS);
+            tile[r1 / 2]     = v_out;
+        }
+    }
+
+    for (; r < n_rows_padded; r += 2) {
+        int r0 = r / HMX_FP16_TILE_N_ROWS;  // tile row index
+        int r1 = r % HMX_FP16_TILE_N_ROWS;  // intra-tile row idx
+
+        const bool row0_valid = r       < n_rows;
+        const bool row1_valid = (r + 1) < n_rows;
+
+        const HVX_Vector *pv_in0 = row0_valid ? (const HVX_Vector *) (src + (r + 0) * k_stride) : NULL;
+        const HVX_Vector *pv_in1 = row1_valid ? (const HVX_Vector *) (src + (r + 1) * k_stride) : NULL;
+        for (int c = 0; c < k_block; c += 32) {
+            HVX_Vector v0 = row0_valid ? *pv_in0++ : Q6_V_vzero();
+            HVX_Vector v1 = row1_valid ? *pv_in1++ : Q6_V_vzero();
 
             HVX_Vector v_out = hvx_vec_f32_to_f16_shuff(v0, v1);
 
@@ -889,7 +917,9 @@ static __attribute__((noinline)) int mat_mul_qk_0_d16a32_out_stationary(struct h
     // n_block_cost = m*2: each extra N-block re-loads all M×K activation (cheaper).
     const size_t m_block_cost = (size_t) n * 3;
     const size_t n_block_cost = (size_t) m * 2;
-    if (hmx_compute_chunks(vtcm_budget, overhead, per_n, per_m, per_mn, m, n, m_block_cost, n_block_cost, &M_BLOCK_SIZE,
+    if (hmx_compute_chunks(vtcm_budget, overhead, per_n, per_m, per_mn,
+                           hex_align_up(m, HMX_FP16_TILE_N_ROWS), n,
+                           m_block_cost, n_block_cost, &M_BLOCK_SIZE,
                            &N_BLOCK_SIZE, &vtcm_used) != 0) {
         FARF(HIGH, "%s: VTCM too small (m=%d k=%d n=%d budget=%zu)", __func__, m, k, n, vtcm_budget);
         return -1;
@@ -1084,7 +1114,8 @@ int hmx_mat_mul_permuted_qk_0_d16a32(struct htp_context *ctx, float *restrict ds
 
     if (m >= 128) {
         size_t mc = 0, nc = 0, used = 0;
-        if (hmx_compute_chunks(vtcm_budget, /*overhead=*/256, pipe_per_n, /*per_m=*/vec_dot_size, pipe_per_mn, m, n,
+        if (hmx_compute_chunks(vtcm_budget, /*overhead=*/256, pipe_per_n, /*per_m=*/vec_dot_size, pipe_per_mn,
+                               hex_align_up(m, HMX_FP16_TILE_N_ROWS), n,
                                /*m_block_cost=*/(size_t) n * 3,
                                /*n_block_cost=*/(size_t) m * 2, &mc, &nc, &used) == 0 &&
             hmx_ceil_div((size_t) n, nc) >= 2) {
@@ -1096,7 +1127,8 @@ int hmx_mat_mul_permuted_qk_0_d16a32(struct htp_context *ctx, float *restrict ds
     }
 
     if (!use_pipeline) {
-        if (hmx_compute_chunks(vtcm_budget, /*overhead=*/256, seq_per_n, /*per_m=*/vec_dot_size, seq_per_mn, m, n,
+        if (hmx_compute_chunks(vtcm_budget, /*overhead=*/256, seq_per_n, /*per_m=*/vec_dot_size, seq_per_mn,
+                               hex_align_up(m, HMX_FP16_TILE_N_ROWS), n,
                                /*m_block_cost=*/(size_t) n * 3,
                                /*n_block_cost=*/(size_t) m * 2, &m_chunk_n_rows, &n_chunk_n_cols, &vtcm_used) != 0) {
             FARF(HIGH, "%s: VTCM too small (m=%d k=%d n=%d budget=%zu)", __func__, m, k, n, vtcm_budget);
@@ -1432,7 +1464,8 @@ int hmx_mat_mul_permuted_w16a32_batched(struct htp_context *ctx, const hmx_matmu
     if (hmx_compute_chunks(vtcm_budget, /*overhead=*/256,
                            /*per_n=*/3 * vec_dot_size,
                            /*per_m=*/group_size * vec_dot_size + f32_scratch_per_m,
-                           /*per_mn=*/sizeof(__fp16), params->m, params->n,
+                           /*per_mn=*/sizeof(__fp16),
+                           hex_align_up(params->m, HMX_FP16_TILE_N_ROWS), params->n,
                            /*m_block_cost=*/(size_t) params->n,
                            /*n_block_cost=*/(size_t) params->m, &m_chunk_n_rows, &n_chunk_n_cols, &vtcm_used) != 0) {
         FARF(HIGH, "%s: grouped path does not fit VTCM, falling back to legacy batched loop", __func__);
@@ -1612,7 +1645,7 @@ int hmx_mat_mul_permuted_w16a32(struct htp_context *ctx, float *restrict dst, co
                            /*per_n=*/3 * vec_dot_size,                  // W + S0 + S1
                            /*per_m=*/vec_dot_size + f32_scratch_per_m,  // A + optional F32 scratch
                            /*per_mn=*/sizeof(__fp16),                   // O
-                           m, n,
+                           hex_align_up(m, HMX_FP16_TILE_N_ROWS), n,
                            /*m_block_cost=*/(size_t) n,
                            /*n_block_cost=*/(size_t) m, &m_chunk_n_rows, &n_chunk_n_cols, &vtcm_used) != 0) {
         FARF(HIGH, "%s: VTCM too small (m=%d k=%d n=%d budget=%zu)", __func__, m, k, n, vtcm_budget);

ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/matmul-ops.c

@@ -2991,12 +2991,10 @@ int op_matmul(struct htp_ops_context * octx) {
         return op_matmul_hvx(octx);
     }
 
-    // M alignment: when M > 32 but not 32-aligned, we split into
-    // HMX (first m_hmx = M & ~31 rows) + HVX (remaining m_tail rows).
-    // When M <= 32 and not 32-aligned, fall back entirely to HVX.
+    // M alignment: Use HMX when M >= 32, the last partial tile (m_total % 32 rows)
+    //  is handled by HMX itself; when M < 32  fall back to HVX.
     const int m_total = (int) src1->ne[1];
-    const int m_tail  = m_total % 32;
-    const int m_hmx   = m_total - m_tail;
+    const int m_hmx   = m_total & ~31;   // 0 when M < 32
 
     if (m_hmx == 0) {
         return op_matmul_hvx(octx);
@@ -3009,7 +3007,6 @@ int op_matmul(struct htp_ops_context * octx) {
     int k = (int) src0->ne[0];  // inner dimension
     int n = (int) src0->ne[1];  // weight columns
 
-    // --- Phase 1: HMX on the first m_hmx (32-aligned) rows ---
     int ret = -1;
 
     // Row strides in elements. For compact tensors these equal k; for
@@ -3027,7 +3024,7 @@ int op_matmul(struct htp_ops_context * octx) {
                 .dst             = (float *) dst->data,
                 .activation      = (float *) src1->data,
                 .permuted_weight = (const __fp16 *) src0->data,
-                .m               = m_hmx,
+                .m               = m_total,
                 .k               = k,
                 .n               = n,
                 .act_stride      = act_stride,
@@ -3048,12 +3045,12 @@ int op_matmul(struct htp_ops_context * octx) {
         } else {
             ret = hmx_mat_mul_permuted_w16a32(octx->ctx,
                     (float*) dst->data, (float*) src1->data, (const __fp16 *) src0->data,
-                    m_hmx, k, n, act_stride, wgt_stride);
+                    m_total, k, n, act_stride, wgt_stride);
         }
     } else {
         ret = hmx_mat_mul_permuted_qk_0_d16a32(octx->ctx,
                     (float*) dst->data, (float*) src1->data, (const uint8_t *) src0->data,
-                    m_hmx, k, n, (int) src0->type);
+                    m_total, k, n, (int) src0->type);
     }
 
     if (ret != 0) {
@@ -3061,27 +3058,6 @@ int op_matmul(struct htp_ops_context * octx) {
         return op_matmul(octx);
     }
 
-    // --- Phase 2: HVX on the remaining m_tail rows ---
-    if (m_tail > 0) {
-        // copy of src1 and dst
-        struct htp_tensor src1_tail = *src1;
-        struct htp_tensor dst_tail  = *dst;
-
-        src1_tail.ne[1] = m_tail; // only tail rows
-        dst_tail.ne[1]  = m_tail; // only tail rows
-
-        // Offset activation and dst pointers past the HMX-processed rows.
-        // Use nb[1] (row stride in bytes) to compute the byte offset.
-        src1_tail.data += (uint32_t) m_hmx * src1->nb[1];
-        dst_tail.data  += (uint32_t) m_hmx * dst->nb[1];
-
-        octx->src[1] = &src1_tail;
-        octx->dst    = &dst_tail;
-
-        FARF(HIGH, "hmx-matmul: HVX tail m_tail %d src1 %p dst %p", m_tail, (void *) src1_tail.data, (void *) dst_tail.data);
-        return op_matmul_hvx(octx);
-    }
-
     return 0;
 #endif // HTP_HAS_HMX
 }

ggml/src/ggml-metal/ggml-metal-device.h

@@ -282,6 +282,7 @@ bool   ggml_metal_buffer_is_shared(ggml_metal_buffer_t buf);
 void   ggml_metal_buffer_memset_tensor(ggml_metal_buffer_t buf, struct ggml_tensor * tensor, uint8_t value, size_t offset, size_t size);
 void   ggml_metal_buffer_set_tensor   (ggml_metal_buffer_t buf, struct ggml_tensor * tensor, const void * data, size_t offset, size_t size);
 void   ggml_metal_buffer_get_tensor   (ggml_metal_buffer_t buf, const struct ggml_tensor * tensor, void * data, size_t offset, size_t size);
+bool   ggml_metal_buffer_cpy_tensor   (ggml_metal_buffer_t buf, const struct ggml_tensor * src, struct ggml_tensor * dst);
 void   ggml_metal_buffer_clear        (ggml_metal_buffer_t buf, uint8_t value);
 
 // finds the Metal buffer that contains the tensor data on the GPU device

ggml/src/ggml-metal/ggml-metal-device.m

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #import "ggml-metal-device.h"
 
 #import "ggml-impl.h"
+#import "ggml-backend-impl.h"
 
 #include <Foundation/Foundation.h>
 
@@ -1737,6 +1738,47 @@ void ggml_metal_buffer_get_tensor(ggml_metal_buffer_t buf, const struct ggml_ten
     }
 }
 
+bool ggml_metal_buffer_cpy_tensor(ggml_metal_buffer_t buf_dst, const struct ggml_tensor * src, struct ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    ggml_metal_buffer_t buf_src = (ggml_metal_buffer_t)src->buffer->context;
+
+    const size_t size = ggml_nbytes(src);
+
+    // if both buffers are shared, we can use memcpy directly
+    if (buf_dst->is_shared && buf_src->is_shared) {
+        memcpy(dst->data, src->data, size);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    // for private buffers, we need to use Metal blit commands
+    @autoreleasepool {
+        struct ggml_metal_buffer_id bid_src = ggml_metal_buffer_get_id(buf_src, src);
+        struct ggml_metal_buffer_id bid_dst = ggml_metal_buffer_get_id(buf_dst, dst);
+
+        if (bid_src.metal == nil || bid_dst.metal == nil) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        id<MTLCommandBuffer> cmd_buf = [buf_dst->dev->mtl_queue commandBufferWithUnretainedReferences];
+
+        {
+            id<MTLBlitCommandEncoder> encoder = [cmd_buf blitCommandEncoder];
+
+            [encoder copyFromBuffer:bid_src.metal
+                       sourceOffset:bid_src.offs
+                           toBuffer:bid_dst.metal
+                  destinationOffset:bid_dst.offs
+                               size:size];
+
+            [encoder endEncoding];
+        }
+
+        [cmd_buf commit];
+        [cmd_buf waitUntilCompleted];
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
 void ggml_metal_buffer_clear(ggml_metal_buffer_t buf, uint8_t value) {
     if (buf->is_shared) {
         memset(buf->all_data, value, buf->all_size);

ggml/src/ggml-metal/ggml-metal.cpp

@@ -17,6 +17,9 @@
 // note: can be overridden with GGML_METAL_DEVICES env to simulate virtual devices
 static int g_devices = 1;
 
+// forward declaration
+static bool ggml_backend_buffer_is_metal(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer);
+
 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 // backend interface
 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
@@ -68,11 +71,11 @@ static bool ggml_backend_metal_buffer_shared_cpy_tensor(ggml_backend_buffer_t bu
 
     GGML_ASSERT(ggml_metal_buffer_is_shared(ctx));
 
-    GGML_UNUSED(buffer);
-    GGML_UNUSED(src);
-    GGML_UNUSED(dst);
+    if (!ggml_backend_buffer_is_metal(src->buffer)) {
+        return false;
+    }
 
-    return false;
+    return ggml_metal_buffer_cpy_tensor(ctx, src, dst);
 }
 
 static void ggml_backend_metal_buffer_shared_clear(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer, uint8_t value) {
@@ -84,17 +87,17 @@ static void ggml_backend_metal_buffer_shared_clear(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer,
 }
 
 static ggml_backend_buffer_i ggml_backend_metal_buffer_shared_i = {
-    /* .free_buffer     = */ ggml_backend_metal_buffer_shared_free_buffer,
-    /* .get_base        = */ ggml_backend_metal_buffer_shared_get_base,
-    /* .init_tensor     = */ NULL,
-    /* .memset_tensor   = */ ggml_backend_metal_buffer_shared_memset_tensor,
-    /* .set_tensor      = */ ggml_backend_metal_buffer_shared_set_tensor,
-    /* .get_tensor      = */ ggml_backend_metal_buffer_shared_get_tensor,
-    /* .set_tensor_2d   = */ NULL,
-    /* .get_tensor_2d   = */ NULL,
-    /* .cpy_tensor      = */ ggml_backend_metal_buffer_shared_cpy_tensor,
-    /* .clear           = */ ggml_backend_metal_buffer_shared_clear,
-    /* .reset           = */ NULL,
+    /* .free_buffer   = */ ggml_backend_metal_buffer_shared_free_buffer,
+    /* .get_base      = */ ggml_backend_metal_buffer_shared_get_base,
+    /* .init_tensor   = */ NULL,
+    /* .memset_tensor = */ ggml_backend_metal_buffer_shared_memset_tensor,
+    /* .set_tensor    = */ ggml_backend_metal_buffer_shared_set_tensor,
+    /* .get_tensor    = */ ggml_backend_metal_buffer_shared_get_tensor,
+    /* .set_tensor_2d = */ NULL,
+    /* .get_tensor_2d = */ NULL,
+    /* .cpy_tensor    = */ ggml_backend_metal_buffer_shared_cpy_tensor,
+    /* .clear         = */ ggml_backend_metal_buffer_shared_clear,
+    /* .reset         = */ NULL,
 };
 
 // private buffer
@@ -144,11 +147,11 @@ static bool ggml_backend_metal_buffer_private_cpy_tensor(ggml_backend_buffer_t b
 
     GGML_ASSERT(!ggml_metal_buffer_is_shared(ctx));
 
-    GGML_UNUSED(buffer);
-    GGML_UNUSED(src);
-    GGML_UNUSED(dst);
+    if (!ggml_backend_buffer_is_metal(src->buffer)) {
+        return false;
+    }
 
-    return false;
+    return ggml_metal_buffer_cpy_tensor(ctx, src, dst);
 }
 
 static void ggml_backend_metal_buffer_private_clear(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer, uint8_t value) {
@@ -160,17 +163,17 @@ static void ggml_backend_metal_buffer_private_clear(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer
 }
 
 static ggml_backend_buffer_i ggml_backend_metal_buffer_private_i = {
-    /* .free_buffer             = */ ggml_backend_metal_buffer_private_free_buffer,
-    /* .get_base                = */ ggml_backend_metal_buffer_private_get_base,
-    /* .init_tensor             = */ NULL,
-    /* .memset_tensor           = */ ggml_backend_metal_buffer_private_memset_tensor,
-    /* .set_tensor              = */ ggml_backend_metal_buffer_private_set_tensor,
-    /* .get_tensor              = */ ggml_backend_metal_buffer_private_get_tensor,
-    /* .set_tensor_2d           = */ NULL,
-    /* .get_tensor_2d           = */ NULL,
-    /* .cpy_tensor              = */ ggml_backend_metal_buffer_private_cpy_tensor,
-    /* .clear                   = */ ggml_backend_metal_buffer_private_clear,
-    /* .reset                   = */ NULL,
+    /* .free_buffer   = */ ggml_backend_metal_buffer_private_free_buffer,
+    /* .get_base      = */ ggml_backend_metal_buffer_private_get_base,
+    /* .init_tensor   = */ NULL,
+    /* .memset_tensor = */ ggml_backend_metal_buffer_private_memset_tensor,
+    /* .set_tensor    = */ ggml_backend_metal_buffer_private_set_tensor,
+    /* .get_tensor    = */ ggml_backend_metal_buffer_private_get_tensor,
+    /* .set_tensor_2d = */ NULL,
+    /* .get_tensor_2d = */ NULL,
+    /* .cpy_tensor    = */ ggml_backend_metal_buffer_private_cpy_tensor,
+    /* .clear         = */ ggml_backend_metal_buffer_private_clear,
+    /* .reset         = */ NULL,
 };
 
 static bool ggml_backend_buffer_is_metal(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer) {

ggml/src/ggml-opencl/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -66,8 +66,6 @@ set(GGML_OPENCL_KERNELS
     diag
     div
     gelu
-    gemv_noshuffle_general
-    gemv_noshuffle
     get_rows
     glu
     group_norm
@@ -75,7 +73,6 @@ set(GGML_OPENCL_KERNELS
     im2col_f32
     im2col_f16
     mean
-    mul_mat_Ab_Bi_8x4
     mul_mv_f16_f16
     mul_mv_f16_f32_1row
     mul_mv_f16_f32_l4
@@ -105,6 +102,8 @@ set(GGML_OPENCL_KERNELS
     mul_mv_id_q8_0_f32_flat
     mul_mv_id_mxfp4_f32
     mul_mv_id_mxfp4_f32_flat
+    gemm_moe_q4_0_f32_ns
+    gemv_moe_q4_0_f32_ns
     gemm_moe_mxfp4_f32
     gemv_moe_mxfp4_f32
     gemm_moe_mxfp4_f32_ns
@@ -120,12 +119,15 @@ set(GGML_OPENCL_KERNELS
     mul_mm_q4_k_f32_l4_lm
     mul_mm_q5_k_f32_l4_lm
     mul_mm_q6_k_f32_l4_lm
-    mul_mm_q8_0_f32_8x4
+    gemv_noshuffle_q4_0_f32
+    gemv_noshuffle_q4_0_f32_spec
+    gemm_noshuffle_q4_0_f32
     gemv_noshuffle_q4_1_f32
     gemm_noshuffle_q4_1_f32
     gemv_noshuffle_iq4_nl_f32
     gemm_noshuffle_iq4_nl_f32
-    gemv_noshuffle_general_q8_0_f32
+    gemv_noshuffle_q8_0_f32
+    gemm_noshuffle_q8_0_f32
     gemv_noshuffle_q4_k_f32
     gemm_noshuffle_q4_k_f32
     gemv_noshuffle_q6_k_f32

ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/cvt.cl

@@ -190,6 +190,92 @@ kernel void kernel_restore_block_q4_0_noshuffle(
     }
 }
 
+kernel void kernel_convert_block_q4_0_trans4_ns(
+    global struct block_q4_0 * src0,
+    __global uint * dst_q,
+    __global half * dst_d,
+    uint ne00,
+    uint ne01
+) {
+    uint i00 = get_global_id(1);
+    uint i01 = get_global_id(0);
+    uint i02 = get_global_id(2);
+
+    uint ne00_blk = ne00 / QK4_0;
+    uint src_blk_offset = i00 + i01 * ne00_blk + i02 * ne00_blk * ne01;
+    uint dst_blk_offset = i01 + i00 * ne01 + i02 * ne00_blk * ne01;
+
+    global struct block_q4_0 * b = src0 + src_blk_offset;
+    dst_d[dst_blk_offset] = b->d;
+
+    // extract quantization and unshuffle
+    ushort8 pre_block = ((global ushort8 *)(&(b->qs[0])))[0];
+
+    ushort8 post_block = (ushort8)(0);
+
+    uchar * pre_block_ptr = (uchar *)(&pre_block);
+    uchar * post_block_ptr = (uchar *)(&post_block);
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < QK4_0 / 4; ++i) {
+        uchar x0 = pre_block_ptr[2*i + 0];
+        uchar x1 = pre_block_ptr[2*i + 1];
+
+        post_block_ptr[i + 0        ] = convert_uchar(x0 & 0x0F) | convert_uchar((x1 & 0x0F) << 4);
+        post_block_ptr[i + QK4_0 / 4] = convert_uchar((x0 & 0xF0) >> 4) | convert_uchar(x1 & 0xF0);
+    }
+
+    uint4 q_block = as_uint4(post_block);
+
+    uint offset = i02 * ne00_blk * ne01 * 4 + i00 * ne01 * 4 + i01;
+    dst_q[offset] = q_block.x;
+    dst_q[offset + ne01] = q_block.y;
+    dst_q[offset + ne01 * 2] = q_block.z;
+    dst_q[offset + ne01 * 3] = q_block.w;
+}
+
+kernel void kernel_restore_block_q4_0_trans4_ns(
+    __global uint * src_q,
+    __global half * src_d,
+    __global struct block_q4_0 * dst0,
+    uint ne00,
+    uint ne01
+) {
+    uint i00 = get_global_id(1);
+    uint i01 = get_global_id(0);
+    uint i02 = get_global_id(2);
+
+    uint ne00_blk = ne00 / QK4_0;
+    uint dst_blk_offset = i00 + i01 * ne00_blk + i02 * ne00_blk * ne01;
+    uint src_d_offset = i01 + i00 * ne01 + i02 * ne00_blk * ne01;
+
+    __global struct block_q4_0 * b = dst0 + dst_blk_offset;
+    b->d = src_d[src_d_offset];
+
+    // collect transposed quantization parts for a block
+    uint src_q_offset = i02 * ne00_blk * ne01 * 4 + i00 * ne01 * 4 + i01;
+    uint4 q_block;
+    q_block.x = src_q[src_q_offset];
+    q_block.y = src_q[src_q_offset + ne01];
+    q_block.z = src_q[src_q_offset + ne01 * 2];
+    q_block.w = src_q[src_q_offset + ne01 * 3];
+
+    ushort8 post_block = as_ushort8(q_block);
+    ushort8 pre_block = (ushort8)(0);
+
+    uchar * pre_block_ptr = (uchar *)(&pre_block);
+    uchar * post_block_ptr = (uchar *)(&post_block);
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < QK4_0 / 4; ++i) {
+        uchar x0 = post_block_ptr[i + 0];
+        uchar x1 = post_block_ptr[i + QK4_0 / 4];
+
+        pre_block_ptr[2 * i + 0] = convert_uchar(x0 & 0x0F) | convert_uchar((x1 & 0x0F) << 4);
+        pre_block_ptr[2 * i + 1] = convert_uchar((x0 & 0xF0) >> 4) | convert_uchar(x1 & 0xF0);
+    }
+
+    ((__global ushort8 *)(&(b->qs[0])))[0] = pre_block;
+}
+
 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // kernel_convert_block_q4_1
 // Convert the block_q4_1 format to 2 separate arrays (AOS -> SOA).

ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/gemm_moe_q4_0_f32_ns.cl

@@ -0,0 +1,252 @@
+#pragma OPENCL EXTENSION cl_khr_fp16 : enable
+#pragma OPENCL EXTENSION cl_khr_subgroups : enable
+#pragma OPENCL EXTENSION cl_qcom_subgroup_uniform_load: enable
+#pragma OPENCL EXTENSION cl_qcom_subgroup_constant_load: enable
+#pragma OPENCL EXTENSION cl_qcom_extra_vector_types : enable
+
+#define TILESIZE_K 16
+#define TILESIZE_M 64
+#define TILESIZE_N 32
+
+
+#define dequantize_q4_0(q4, a_f16, scale) \
+    a_f16.s0 = (half)((q4.s0 & 0x000F) - 8) * scale; \
+    a_f16.s1 = (half)(((q4.s0 & 0x00F0) >> 4) - 8) * scale; \
+    a_f16.s2 = (half)(((q4.s0 & 0x0F00) >> 8) - 8) * scale; \
+    a_f16.s3 = (half)(((q4.s0 & 0xF000) >> 12) - 8) * scale; \
+    a_f16.s4 = (half)((q4.s1 & 0x000F) - 8) * scale; \
+    a_f16.s5 = (half)(((q4.s1 & 0x00F0) >> 4) - 8) * scale; \
+    a_f16.s6 = (half)(((q4.s1 & 0x0F00) >> 8) - 8) * scale; \
+    a_f16.s7 = (half)(((q4.s1 & 0xF000) >> 12) - 8) * scale; \
+    a_f16.s8 = (half)((q4.s2 & 0x000F) - 8) * scale; \
+    a_f16.s9 = (half)(((q4.s2 & 0x00F0) >> 4) - 8) * scale; \
+    a_f16.sa = (half)(((q4.s2 & 0x0F00) >> 8) - 8) * scale; \
+    a_f16.sb = (half)(((q4.s2 & 0xF000) >> 12) - 8) * scale; \
+    a_f16.sc = (half)((q4.s3 & 0x000F) - 8) * scale; \
+    a_f16.sd = (half)(((q4.s3 & 0x00F0) >> 4) - 8) * scale; \
+    a_f16.se = (half)(((q4.s3 & 0x0F00) >> 8) - 8) * scale; \
+    a_f16.sf = (half)(((q4.s3 & 0xF000) >> 12) - 8) * scale; \
+
+
+#define dotx16_reduce8(a_reg, b_lm, c_reg, lm_offset) \
+    acc.s0 = dot(a_reg.s0123, b_lm[lm_offset + 0]); \
+    acc.s1 = dot(a_reg.s0123, b_lm[lm_offset + 1]); \
+    acc.s2 = dot(a_reg.s0123, b_lm[lm_offset + 2]); \
+    acc.s3 = dot(a_reg.s0123, b_lm[lm_offset + 3]); \
+    acc.s4 = dot(a_reg.s0123, b_lm[lm_offset + 4]); \
+    acc.s5 = dot(a_reg.s0123, b_lm[lm_offset + 5]); \
+    acc.s6 = dot(a_reg.s0123, b_lm[lm_offset + 6]); \
+    acc.s7 = dot(a_reg.s0123, b_lm[lm_offset + 7]); \
+    acc.s8 = dot(a_reg.s0123, b_lm[lm_offset + 8]); \
+    acc.s9 = dot(a_reg.s0123, b_lm[lm_offset + 9]); \
+    acc.sa = dot(a_reg.s0123, b_lm[lm_offset + 10]); \
+    acc.sb = dot(a_reg.s0123, b_lm[lm_offset + 11]); \
+    acc.sc = dot(a_reg.s0123, b_lm[lm_offset + 12]); \
+    acc.sd = dot(a_reg.s0123, b_lm[lm_offset + 13]); \
+    acc.se = dot(a_reg.s0123, b_lm[lm_offset + 14]); \
+    acc.sf = dot(a_reg.s0123, b_lm[lm_offset + 15]); \
+    acc.s0 += dot(a_reg.s4567, b_lm[lm_offset + 32]); \
+    acc.s1 += dot(a_reg.s4567, b_lm[lm_offset + 33]); \
+    acc.s2 += dot(a_reg.s4567, b_lm[lm_offset + 34]); \
+    acc.s3 += dot(a_reg.s4567, b_lm[lm_offset + 35]); \
+    acc.s4 += dot(a_reg.s4567, b_lm[lm_offset + 36]); \
+    acc.s5 += dot(a_reg.s4567, b_lm[lm_offset + 37]); \
+    acc.s6 += dot(a_reg.s4567, b_lm[lm_offset + 38]); \
+    acc.s7 += dot(a_reg.s4567, b_lm[lm_offset + 39]); \
+    acc.s8 += dot(a_reg.s4567, b_lm[lm_offset + 40]); \
+    acc.s9 += dot(a_reg.s4567, b_lm[lm_offset + 41]); \
+    acc.sa += dot(a_reg.s4567, b_lm[lm_offset + 42]); \
+    acc.sb += dot(a_reg.s4567, b_lm[lm_offset + 43]); \
+    acc.sc += dot(a_reg.s4567, b_lm[lm_offset + 44]); \
+    acc.sd += dot(a_reg.s4567, b_lm[lm_offset + 45]); \
+    acc.se += dot(a_reg.s4567, b_lm[lm_offset + 46]); \
+    acc.sf += dot(a_reg.s4567, b_lm[lm_offset + 47]); \
+    c_reg.lo += convert_float8(acc.lo); \
+    c_reg.hi += convert_float8(acc.hi); \
+    acc.s0 = dot(a_reg.s89ab, b_lm[lm_offset + 64]); \
+    acc.s1 = dot(a_reg.s89ab, b_lm[lm_offset + 65]); \
+    acc.s2 = dot(a_reg.s89ab, b_lm[lm_offset + 66]); \
+    acc.s3 = dot(a_reg.s89ab, b_lm[lm_offset + 67]); \
+    acc.s4 = dot(a_reg.s89ab, b_lm[lm_offset + 68]); \
+    acc.s5 = dot(a_reg.s89ab, b_lm[lm_offset + 69]); \
+    acc.s6 = dot(a_reg.s89ab, b_lm[lm_offset + 70]); \
+    acc.s7 = dot(a_reg.s89ab, b_lm[lm_offset + 71]); \
+    acc.s8 = dot(a_reg.s89ab, b_lm[lm_offset + 72]); \
+    acc.s9 = dot(a_reg.s89ab, b_lm[lm_offset + 73]); \
+    acc.sa = dot(a_reg.s89ab, b_lm[lm_offset + 74]); \
+    acc.sb = dot(a_reg.s89ab, b_lm[lm_offset + 75]); \
+    acc.sc = dot(a_reg.s89ab, b_lm[lm_offset + 76]); \
+    acc.sd = dot(a_reg.s89ab, b_lm[lm_offset + 77]); \
+    acc.se = dot(a_reg.s89ab, b_lm[lm_offset + 78]); \
+    acc.sf = dot(a_reg.s89ab, b_lm[lm_offset + 79]); \
+    acc.s0 += dot(a_reg.scdef, b_lm[lm_offset + 96]); \
+    acc.s1 += dot(a_reg.scdef, b_lm[lm_offset + 97]); \
+    acc.s2 += dot(a_reg.scdef, b_lm[lm_offset + 98]); \
+    acc.s3 += dot(a_reg.scdef, b_lm[lm_offset + 99]); \
+    acc.s4 += dot(a_reg.scdef, b_lm[lm_offset + 100]); \
+    acc.s5 += dot(a_reg.scdef, b_lm[lm_offset + 101]); \
+    acc.s6 += dot(a_reg.scdef, b_lm[lm_offset + 102]); \
+    acc.s7 += dot(a_reg.scdef, b_lm[lm_offset + 103]); \
+    acc.s8 += dot(a_reg.scdef, b_lm[lm_offset + 104]); \
+    acc.s9 += dot(a_reg.scdef, b_lm[lm_offset + 105]); \
+    acc.sa += dot(a_reg.scdef, b_lm[lm_offset + 106]); \
+    acc.sb += dot(a_reg.scdef, b_lm[lm_offset + 107]); \
+    acc.sc += dot(a_reg.scdef, b_lm[lm_offset + 108]); \
+    acc.sd += dot(a_reg.scdef, b_lm[lm_offset + 109]); \
+    acc.se += dot(a_reg.scdef, b_lm[lm_offset + 110]); \
+    acc.sf += dot(a_reg.scdef, b_lm[lm_offset + 111]); \
+    c_reg.lo += convert_float8(acc.lo); \
+    c_reg.hi += convert_float8(acc.hi); \
+
+
+__attribute__((qcom_wave_pair_mode(1))) // 1=force single 2=force pair
+kernel void kernel_gemm_moe_q4_0_f32_ns(
+        __read_only  image1d_buffer_t src0_q,
+        __global     half *           src0_d,
+        __read_only  image1d_buffer_t src1,
+        __global     uint *           src2,
+        __global     ushort *         src2_emap,
+        __write_only image1d_buffer_t dst,
+        __global     int *            total_tiles,
+        uint ne00,
+        uint ne01
+) {
+    uint block_id_m = get_global_id(1); // m_tile
+    uint block_id_n = get_global_id(2); // n_tile
+
+    // Boundary check
+    if (((get_global_id(0) + block_id_m * TILESIZE_M) >= ne01) || (block_id_n >= total_tiles[0])) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    __private half16 reg_a;
+    __private float32 reg_c = (float32)(0);
+    __local half4 shared_b[128];
+
+    const ushort expert_id = src2_emap[block_id_n];
+
+    const uint row = block_id_m * TILESIZE_M;
+    const uint col = block_id_n * TILESIZE_N;
+
+    uint sub_block_id_m = get_local_id(0);
+    uint2 b_global_offset;
+    b_global_offset.x = ((sub_block_id_m & 3) << 2) + (sub_block_id_m >> 2) * ne00;
+    b_global_offset.y = b_global_offset.x + (16 * ne00);
+    uint2 b_local_offset;
+    b_local_offset.x = (sub_block_id_m & 3) * 32 + (sub_block_id_m >> 2);
+    b_local_offset.y = b_local_offset.x + 16;
+
+    // Loop along K axis, 32 elements (one block) for each iteration, divided into 2 sub-blocks
+    for (uint step = 0; step < ne00; step += TILESIZE_K * 2) {
+        // First sub-block
+        uint q_sub_offset = row + ((ne01 * step) >> 3) + ((expert_id * ne00 * ne01) >> 3);
+        uint s_sub_offset = row + ((ne01 * step) >> 5) + ((expert_id * ne00 * ne01) >> 5);
+        uint b_sub_offset = col * ne00 + step;
+
+        // Load scale for current Q4_0 block
+        uint s_offset = s_sub_offset + get_global_id(0);
+        half s = src0_d[s_offset];
+
+        // Load 16 q (64-bits) in transposed layout
+        uint2 q4x16;
+        q4x16.x = read_imageui(src0_q, q_sub_offset + sub_block_id_m).x;
+        q4x16.y = read_imageui(src0_q, q_sub_offset + sub_block_id_m + ne01).x;
+
+        // Load 16x32 floats from matrix B, each fiber out of 64 in a sub-group loads 8 elements
+        float8 bx8_f32;
+        bx8_f32.lo = read_imagef(src1, (b_sub_offset + b_global_offset.x) / 4);
+        bx8_f32.hi = read_imagef(src1, (b_sub_offset + b_global_offset.y) / 4);
+        // Convert to half and store to LM to share within the subgroup
+        half8 bx8_f16 = convert_half8(bx8_f32);
+        shared_b[b_local_offset.x] = bx8_f16.lo;
+        shared_b[b_local_offset.y] = bx8_f16.hi;
+
+        // Dequantization
+        dequantize_q4_0(as_ushort4(q4x16), reg_a, s);
+
+        sub_group_barrier(CLK_LOCAL_MEM_FENCE);
+
+        // 32 16x16 fp16 dot product with 8 elements reduction for better precision
+        half16 acc;
+        dotx16_reduce8(reg_a, shared_b, reg_c.lo, 0);
+        dotx16_reduce8(reg_a, shared_b, reg_c.hi, 16);
+
+        // Repeat for second sub-block
+        uint half_step = step + TILESIZE_K;
+        q_sub_offset = row + ((ne01 * half_step) >> 3) + ((expert_id * ne00 * ne01) >> 3);
+        b_sub_offset = col * ne00 + half_step;
+
+        // Load next 16 q (64-bits) in transposed layout
+        q4x16.x = read_imageui(src0_q, q_sub_offset + sub_block_id_m).x;
+        q4x16.y = read_imageui(src0_q, q_sub_offset + sub_block_id_m + ne01).x;
+
+        // Load 16x32 floats from matrix B, each fiber out of 64 in a sub-group loads 8 elements
+        bx8_f32.lo = read_imagef(src1, (b_sub_offset + b_global_offset.x) / 4);
+        bx8_f32.hi = read_imagef(src1, (b_sub_offset + b_global_offset.y) / 4);
+        // Convert to half and store to LM to share within the subgroup
+        bx8_f16 = convert_half8(bx8_f32);
+        shared_b[b_local_offset.x] = bx8_f16.lo;
+        shared_b[b_local_offset.y] = bx8_f16.hi;
+
+        // Dequantization
+        dequantize_q4_0(as_ushort4(q4x16), reg_a, s);
+
+        sub_group_barrier(CLK_LOCAL_MEM_FENCE);
+
+        // 32 16x16 fp16 dot product with 3-levels reduction for better precision
+        dotx16_reduce8(reg_a, shared_b, reg_c.lo, 0);
+        dotx16_reduce8(reg_a, shared_b, reg_c.hi, 16);
+    }
+
+    // Load poster router and share in LM
+    __local uint out_idx[TILESIZE_N];
+
+    if (get_local_id(0) < TILESIZE_N) {
+        uint idx = src2[block_id_n * TILESIZE_N + get_local_id(0)];
+        if (idx == 0xFFFFFFFF) {
+            idx = src2[block_id_n * TILESIZE_N + 0];
+        }
+        out_idx[get_local_id(0)] = idx * ne01;
+    }
+
+    barrier(CLK_LOCAL_MEM_FENCE);
+
+    // Scatter results back to original position in output grid
+    uint m_offset = row + get_local_id(0);
+
+    write_imagef(dst, out_idx[1] + m_offset, (reg_c.s1));
+    write_imagef(dst, out_idx[2] + m_offset, (reg_c.s2));
+    write_imagef(dst, out_idx[3] + m_offset, (reg_c.s3));
+    write_imagef(dst, out_idx[4] + m_offset, (reg_c.s4));
+    write_imagef(dst, out_idx[5] + m_offset, (reg_c.s5));
+    write_imagef(dst, out_idx[6] + m_offset, (reg_c.s6));
+    write_imagef(dst, out_idx[7] + m_offset, (reg_c.s7));
+    write_imagef(dst, out_idx[8] + m_offset, (reg_c.s8));
+    write_imagef(dst, out_idx[9] + m_offset, (reg_c.s9));
+    write_imagef(dst, out_idx[10] + m_offset, (reg_c.sa));
+    write_imagef(dst, out_idx[11] + m_offset, (reg_c.sb));
+    write_imagef(dst, out_idx[12] + m_offset, (reg_c.sc));
+    write_imagef(dst, out_idx[13] + m_offset, (reg_c.sd));
+    write_imagef(dst, out_idx[14] + m_offset, (reg_c.se));
+    write_imagef(dst, out_idx[15] + m_offset, (reg_c.sf));
+    write_imagef(dst, out_idx[16] + m_offset, (reg_c.sg));
+    write_imagef(dst, out_idx[17] + m_offset, (reg_c.sh));
+    write_imagef(dst, out_idx[18] + m_offset, (reg_c.si));
+    write_imagef(dst, out_idx[19] + m_offset, (reg_c.sj));
+    write_imagef(dst, out_idx[20] + m_offset, (reg_c.sk));
+    write_imagef(dst, out_idx[21] + m_offset, (reg_c.sl));
+    write_imagef(dst, out_idx[22] + m_offset, (reg_c.sm));
+    write_imagef(dst, out_idx[23] + m_offset, (reg_c.sn));
+    write_imagef(dst, out_idx[24] + m_offset, (reg_c.so));
+    write_imagef(dst, out_idx[25] + m_offset, (reg_c.sp));
+    write_imagef(dst, out_idx[26] + m_offset, (reg_c.sq));
+    write_imagef(dst, out_idx[27] + m_offset, (reg_c.sr));
+    write_imagef(dst, out_idx[28] + m_offset, (reg_c.ss));
+    write_imagef(dst, out_idx[29] + m_offset, (reg_c.st));
+    write_imagef(dst, out_idx[30] + m_offset, (reg_c.su));
+    write_imagef(dst, out_idx[31] + m_offset, (reg_c.sv));
+
+    // Store zero padding parts to the index of first output in tile, override correct result in the end
+    barrier(CLK_GLOBAL_MEM_FENCE);
+    write_imagef(dst, out_idx[0] + m_offset, (reg_c.s0));
+}

ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/gemm_noshuffle_q4_0_f32.cl

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
 REQD_SUBGROUP_SIZE_128
 #endif
 
-kernel void kernel_mul_mat_Ab_Bi_8x4(
+kernel void kernel_gemm_noshuffle_q4_0_f32(
         global const ushort * src0_q,       // quantized A
         global const half  * src0_d,        // A scales
         __read_only image1d_buffer_t src1,  // B (1d image)

ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/gemm_noshuffle_q8_0_f32.cl

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 REQD_SUBGROUP_SIZE_128
 #endif
 
-kernel void kernel_mul_mm_q8_0_f32_8x4(
+kernel void kernel_gemm_noshuffle_q8_0_f32(
         global const uint * src0_q,
         global const half  * src0_d,
         __read_only image1d_buffer_t src1,

ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/gemv_moe_q4_0_f32_ns.cl

@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+#pragma OPENCL EXTENSION cl_khr_fp16 : enable
+#pragma OPENCL EXTENSION cl_khr_subgroups : enable
+#pragma OPENCL EXTENSION cl_qcom_reqd_sub_group_size : enable
+
+#define QK_Q4_0 32
+#define N_SIMDGROUP 4
+#define SIMDGROUP_WIDTH 64
+
+static inline float8 q4_0_to_fp32_packed8(ushort2 q4x8) {
+    float8 fp32x8;
+    fp32x8.s0 = (float)((q4x8.s0 & 0x000F) - 8);
+    fp32x8.s1 = (float)(((q4x8.s0 & 0x00F0) >> 4) - 8);
+    fp32x8.s2 = (float)(((q4x8.s0 & 0x0F00) >> 8) - 8);
+    fp32x8.s3 = (float)(((q4x8.s0 & 0xF000) >> 12) - 8);
+    fp32x8.s4 = (float)((q4x8.s1 & 0x000F) - 8);
+    fp32x8.s5 = (float)(((q4x8.s1 & 0x00F0) >> 4) - 8);
+    fp32x8.s6 = (float)(((q4x8.s1 & 0x0F00) >> 8) - 8);
+    fp32x8.s7 = (float)(((q4x8.s1 & 0xF000) >> 12) - 8);
+    return fp32x8;
+}
+
+
+__attribute__((qcom_reqd_sub_group_size("half")))
+__kernel void kernel_gemv_moe_q4_0_f32_ns(
+    __global uint * src0_q,
+    __global half * src0_d,
+    __read_only image1d_buffer_t src1,
+    __global uint * src2,
+    __global float * dst,
+    ulong         offsetd,
+    int           ne00,
+    int           ne01,
+    int           ne11
+) {
+    uint i01  = get_global_id(0);
+    uint i20  = get_global_id(2);
+    uint sgid = get_local_id(1);
+    uint slid = get_sub_group_local_id();
+
+    uint i11 = i20 % ne11;
+
+    uint expert_id = src2[i20];
+    uint expert_offset = expert_id * ne00 * ne01 / 32;
+
+    __private float sum = 0.0f; // each thread calculate partial sum of one output
+
+    // loop along ne00 in block granularity, skip 4 blocks every iter
+    for (uint ib00 = sgid; ib00 < (ne00 / QK_Q4_0); ib00 += N_SIMDGROUP) {
+
+        // load one block of q
+        uint4 regQ;
+        uint block_offset = expert_offset * 4 + ib00 * ne01 * 4 + i01;
+
+        regQ.s0 = src0_q[block_offset];
+        regQ.s1 = src0_q[block_offset + ne01];
+        regQ.s2 = src0_q[block_offset + ne01 * 2];
+        regQ.s3 = src0_q[block_offset + ne01 * 3];
+
+        uint offset = i11 * ne00 / 4 + ib00 * 8;
+
+        float8 fp32x8 = q4_0_to_fp32_packed8(as_ushort2(regQ.s0));
+
+        float4 shared_y4;
+        shared_y4 = read_imagef(src1, (offset + 0));
+        float4 acc = shared_y4 * fp32x8.lo;
+
+        shared_y4 = read_imagef(src1, (offset + 1));
+        acc += shared_y4 * fp32x8.hi;
+
+        fp32x8 = q4_0_to_fp32_packed8(as_ushort2(regQ.s1));
+
+        shared_y4 = read_imagef(src1, (offset + 2));
+        acc += shared_y4 * fp32x8.lo;
+
+        shared_y4 = read_imagef(src1, (offset + 3));
+        acc += shared_y4 * fp32x8.hi;
+
+
+        fp32x8 = q4_0_to_fp32_packed8(as_ushort2(regQ.s2));
+
+        shared_y4 = read_imagef(src1, (offset + 4));
+        acc += shared_y4 * fp32x8.lo;
+
+        shared_y4 = read_imagef(src1, (offset + 5));
+        acc += shared_y4 * fp32x8.hi;
+
+
+        fp32x8 = q4_0_to_fp32_packed8(as_ushort2(regQ.s3));
+
+        shared_y4 = read_imagef(src1, (offset + 6));
+        acc += shared_y4 * fp32x8.lo;
+
+        shared_y4 = read_imagef(src1, (offset + 7));
+        acc += shared_y4 * fp32x8.hi;
+
+        half regS = src0_d[ib00 * ne01 + i01 + expert_offset];
+        sum += (float)(regS) * ((acc.s0 + acc.s1) + (acc.s2 + acc.s3));
+    }
+
+    // reduction in local memory, assumes #subgroups=4
+    __local float reduceLM[SIMDGROUP_WIDTH * (N_SIMDGROUP - 1)];
+    if (sgid == 1) reduceLM[SIMDGROUP_WIDTH * 0 + slid] = sum;
+    if (sgid == 2) reduceLM[SIMDGROUP_WIDTH * 1 + slid] = sum;
+    if (sgid == 3) reduceLM[SIMDGROUP_WIDTH * 2 + slid] = sum;
+    barrier(CLK_LOCAL_MEM_FENCE);
+    if (sgid == 0) sum += reduceLM[SIMDGROUP_WIDTH * 0 + slid];
+    if (sgid == 0) sum += reduceLM[SIMDGROUP_WIDTH * 1 + slid];
+    if (sgid == 0) sum += reduceLM[SIMDGROUP_WIDTH * 2 + slid];
+
+    // 1 outputs per thread in subgroup 0
+    if (sgid == 0) {
+        dst = dst + (offsetd >> 2);
+        dst[i01 + i20 * ne01] = sum;
+    }
+
+}

ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/gemv_noshuffle_q4_0_f32.cl

@@ -191,7 +191,7 @@
 #ifdef ADRENO_GPU
 REQD_SUBGROUP_SIZE_64
 #endif
-__kernel void kernel_gemv_noshuffle(
+__kernel void kernel_gemv_noshuffle_q4_0_f32(
         __read_only  image1d_buffer_t src0_q,  // quantized A
         global half2  * src0_d,  // A scales
         __read_only  image1d_buffer_t src1,    // B
@@ -238,21 +238,21 @@ __kernel void kernel_gemv_noshuffle(
         regA.s1 = read_imageui(src0_q, (gid + k * BLOCK_STRIDE_A + LINE_STRIDE_A * 1)).x;
         regA.s2 = read_imageui(src0_q, (gid + k * BLOCK_STRIDE_A + LINE_STRIDE_A * 2)).x;
         regA.s3 = read_imageui(src0_q, (gid + k * BLOCK_STRIDE_A + LINE_STRIDE_A * 3)).x;
-#ifdef VECTOR_SUB_GROUP_BROADCAT
+#ifdef VECTOR_SUB_GROUP_BROADCAST
         dequantizeBlockAccum_ns_sgbroadcast_8_hi(totalSum, as_ushort8(regA), regS, regB);
 #else
         dequantizeBlockAccum_ns_sgbroadcast_1_hi(totalSum, as_ushort8(regA), regS, regB);
-#endif // VECTOR_SUB_GROUP_BROADCAT
+#endif // VECTOR_SUB_GROUP_BROADCAST
 
         regA.s0 = read_imageui(src0_q, (gid + k * BLOCK_STRIDE_A + LINE_STRIDE_A * 4)).x;
         regA.s1 = read_imageui(src0_q, (gid + k * BLOCK_STRIDE_A + LINE_STRIDE_A * 5)).x;
         regA.s2 = read_imageui(src0_q, (gid + k * BLOCK_STRIDE_A + LINE_STRIDE_A * 6)).x;
         regA.s3 = read_imageui(src0_q, (gid + k * BLOCK_STRIDE_A + LINE_STRIDE_A * 7)).x;
-#ifdef VECTOR_SUB_GROUP_BROADCAT
+#ifdef VECTOR_SUB_GROUP_BROADCAST
         dequantizeBlockAccum_ns_sgbroadcast_8_lo(totalSum, as_ushort8(regA), regS, regB);
 #else
         dequantizeBlockAccum_ns_sgbroadcast_1_lo(totalSum, as_ushort8(regA), regS, regB);
-#endif // VECTOR_SUB_GROUP_BROADCAT
+#endif // VECTOR_SUB_GROUP_BROADCAST
     }
 
     // reduction in local memory, assumes #wave=4

ggml/src/ggml-opencl/kernels/gemv_noshuffle_q4_0_f32_spec.cl

@@ -191,7 +191,7 @@
 #ifdef ADRENO_GPU
 REQD_SUBGROUP_SIZE_64
 #endif
-__kernel void kernel_gemv_noshuffle(
+__kernel void kernel_gemv_noshuffle_q4_0_f32(
         __read_only  image1d_buffer_t src0_q,  // quantized A
         global half2  * src0_d,  // A scales
         __read_only  image1d_buffer_t src1,    // B
@@ -232,21 +232,21 @@ __kernel void kernel_gemv_noshuffle(
         regA.s1 = read_imageui(src0_q, (gid + k * BLOCK_STRIDE_A + LINE_STRIDE_A * 1)).x;
         regA.s2 = read_imageui(src0_q, (gid + k * BLOCK_STRIDE_A + LINE_STRIDE_A * 2)).x;
         regA.s3 = read_imageui(src0_q, (gid + k * BLOCK_STRIDE_A + LINE_STRIDE_A * 3)).x;
-#ifdef VECTOR_SUB_GROUP_BROADCAT
+#ifdef VECTOR_SUB_GROUP_BROADCAST
         dequantizeBlockAccum_ns_sgbroadcast_8_hi(totalSum, as_ushort8(regA), regS, regB);
 #else
         dequantizeBlockAccum_ns_sgbroadcast_1_hi(totalSum, as_ushort8(regA), regS, regB);
-#endif // VECTOR_SUB_GROUP_BROADCAT
+#endif // VECTOR_SUB_GROUP_BROADCAST
 
         regA.s0 = read_imageui(src0_q, (gid + k * BLOCK_STRIDE_A + LINE_STRIDE_A * 4)).x;
         regA.s1 = read_imageui(src0_q, (gid + k * BLOCK_STRIDE_A + LINE_STRIDE_A * 5)).x;
         regA.s2 = read_imageui(src0_q, (gid + k * BLOCK_STRIDE_A + LINE_STRIDE_A * 6)).x;
         regA.s3 = read_imageui(src0_q, (gid + k * BLOCK_STRIDE_A + LINE_STRIDE_A * 7)).x;
-#ifdef VECTOR_SUB_GROUP_BROADCAT
+#ifdef VECTOR_SUB_GROUP_BROADCAST
         dequantizeBlockAccum_ns_sgbroadcast_8_lo(totalSum, as_ushort8(regA), regS, regB);
 #else
         dequantizeBlockAccum_ns_sgbroadcast_1_lo(totalSum, as_ushort8(regA), regS, regB);
-#endif // VECTOR_SUB_GROUP_BROADCAT
+#endif // VECTOR_SUB_GROUP_BROADCAST
     }
 
     // reduction in local memory, assumes #wave=4

ggml/src/ggml-rpc/ggml-rpc.cpp

@@ -207,35 +207,11 @@ struct ggml_backend_rpc_buffer_type_context {
     size_t      max_size;
 };
 
-struct graph_cache {
-
-    bool is_cached(const ggml_cgraph * cgraph) {
-        if ((int)last_graph.size() != cgraph->n_nodes) {
-            return false;
-        }
-        for (int i = 0; i < cgraph->n_nodes; i++) {
-            if (memcmp(&last_graph[i], cgraph->nodes[i], sizeof(ggml_tensor)) != 0) {
-                return false;
-            }
-        }
-        return true;
-    }
-
-    void add(const ggml_cgraph * cgraph) {
-        last_graph.resize(cgraph->n_nodes);
-        for (int i = 0; i < cgraph->n_nodes; i++) {
-            memcpy(&last_graph[i], cgraph->nodes[i], sizeof(ggml_tensor));
-        }
-    }
-
-    std::vector<ggml_tensor> last_graph;
-};
-
 struct ggml_backend_rpc_context {
     std::string endpoint;
     uint32_t    device;
     std::string name;
-    graph_cache gc;
+    uint64_t    last_graph_uid;
 };
 
 struct ggml_backend_rpc_buffer_context {
@@ -717,7 +693,7 @@ static enum ggml_status ggml_backend_rpc_graph_compute(ggml_backend_t backend, g
     ggml_backend_rpc_context * rpc_ctx = (ggml_backend_rpc_context *)backend->context;
 
     GGML_ASSERT(cgraph->n_nodes > 0);
-    bool reuse = rpc_ctx->gc.is_cached(cgraph);
+    bool reuse = cgraph->uid != 0 && rpc_ctx->last_graph_uid == cgraph->uid;
     if (reuse) {
         rpc_msg_graph_recompute_req request;
         request.device = rpc_ctx->device;
@@ -725,7 +701,7 @@ static enum ggml_status ggml_backend_rpc_graph_compute(ggml_backend_t backend, g
         bool status = send_rpc_cmd(sock, RPC_CMD_GRAPH_RECOMPUTE, &request, sizeof(request));
         RPC_STATUS_ASSERT(status);
     } else {
-        rpc_ctx->gc.add(cgraph);
+        rpc_ctx->last_graph_uid = cgraph->uid;
         std::vector<uint8_t> input;
         serialize_graph(rpc_ctx->device, cgraph, input);
         auto sock = get_socket(rpc_ctx->endpoint);
@@ -791,10 +767,10 @@ ggml_backend_buffer_type_t ggml_backend_rpc_buffer_type(const char * endpoint, u
 ggml_backend_t ggml_backend_rpc_init(const char * endpoint, uint32_t device) {
     std::string dev_name = "RPC" + std::to_string(device) + "[" + std::string(endpoint) + "]";
     ggml_backend_rpc_context * ctx = new ggml_backend_rpc_context {
-        /* .endpoint = */ endpoint,
-        /* .device   = */ device,
-        /* .name     = */ dev_name,
-        /* .gc       = */ {},
+        /* .endpoint       = */ endpoint,
+        /* .device         = */ device,
+        /* .name           = */ dev_name,
+        /* .last_graph_uid = */ 0,
     };
     auto reg = ggml_backend_rpc_add_server(endpoint);
     ggml_backend_t backend = new ggml_backend {

ggml/src/ggml-sycl/cumsum.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
+#include "cumsum.hpp"
+#include "common.hpp"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+
+#define SYCL_CUMSUM_BLOCK_SIZE 256
+
+static __dpct_inline__ float warp_prefix_inclusive_sum_f32(float x, const sycl::nd_item<3> & item) {
+    return sycl::inclusive_scan_over_group(item.get_sub_group(), x, sycl::plus<float>());
+}
+
+static void cumsum_f32_kernel(
+        const float * __restrict__ src, float * __restrict__ dst,
+        const int64_t ne00, const int64_t ne01, const int64_t ne02, const int64_t ne03,
+        const int64_t s01, const int64_t s02, const int64_t s03,
+        const int64_t  d1, const int64_t  d2, const int64_t  d3,
+        const sycl::nd_item<3> & item, float * smem) {
+
+    const int tid = item.get_local_id(2);
+    const int block_size = item.get_local_range(2);
+    const int lane = tid % WARP_SIZE;
+    const int warp = tid / WARP_SIZE;
+    const int warps_per_block = block_size / WARP_SIZE;
+
+    float * s_vals      = smem;
+    float * s_warp_sums = smem + block_size;
+    float * s_carry     = smem + block_size + warps_per_block;
+
+    if (tid == 0) {
+        s_carry[0] = 0.0f;
+    }
+    item.barrier(sycl::access::fence_space::local_space);
+
+    const int64_t i3 = item.get_group(0);
+    const int64_t i2 = item.get_group(1);
+    const int64_t i1 = item.get_group(2);
+    if (i3 >= ne03 || i2 >= ne02 || i1 >= ne01) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const float * src_row = src + i1 * s01 + i2 * s02 + i3 * s03;
+    float       * dst_row = dst + i1 * d1  + i2 * d2  + i3 * d3;
+
+    constexpr int num_unroll = 4;
+    float temp[num_unroll];
+
+    for (int64_t i = 0; i < ne00; i += num_unroll * block_size) {
+        int64_t idx = i + tid * num_unroll;
+
+        temp[0] = (idx < ne00 ? src_row[idx] : 0.0f);
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int j = 1; j < num_unroll; j++) {
+            temp[j] = temp[j - 1];
+            if (idx + j < ne00) {
+                temp[j] += src_row[idx + j];
+            }
+        }
+
+        float val = (idx < ne00) ? temp[num_unroll - 1] : 0.0f;
+
+        val = warp_prefix_inclusive_sum_f32(val, item);
+        s_vals[tid] = val;
+
+        if (lane == WARP_SIZE - 1) {
+            s_warp_sums[warp] = val;
+        }
+        item.barrier(sycl::access::fence_space::local_space);
+
+        if (warp == 0) {
+            float w = (tid < warps_per_block) ? s_warp_sums[tid] : 0.0f;
+            float inc = warp_prefix_inclusive_sum_f32(w, item);
+            if (tid < warps_per_block) {
+                s_warp_sums[tid] = inc - w;
+            }
+            if (tid == warps_per_block - 1) {
+                s_carry[1] = inc;
+            }
+        }
+        item.barrier(sycl::access::fence_space::local_space);
+
+        float carry = s_carry[0];
+        float final_offset = s_vals[tid] + s_warp_sums[warp] + carry - temp[num_unroll - 1];
+
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int j = 0; j < num_unroll; j++) {
+            if (idx + j < ne00) {
+                dst_row[idx + j] = temp[j] + final_offset;
+            }
+        }
+
+        item.barrier(sycl::access::fence_space::local_space);
+
+        if (tid == 0) {
+            s_carry[0] += s_carry[1];
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+inline void ggml_sycl_op_cumsum(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+    GGML_ASSERT(dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+
+    dpct::queue_ptr stream = ctx.stream();
+    SYCL_CHECK(ggml_sycl_set_device(ctx.device));
+
+    const float * src_d = static_cast<const float *>(src0->data);
+    float       * dst_d = static_cast<float *>(dst->data);
+
+    const int64_t ne00 = src0->ne[0];
+    const int64_t ne01 = src0->ne[1];
+    const int64_t ne02 = src0->ne[2];
+    const int64_t ne03 = src0->ne[3];
+
+    const size_t ts = sizeof(float);
+    const int64_t s01 = src0->nb[1] / ts;
+    const int64_t s02 = src0->nb[2] / ts;
+    const int64_t s03 = src0->nb[3] / ts;
+    const int64_t d1  = dst->nb[1] / ts;
+    const int64_t d2  = dst->nb[2] / ts;
+    const int64_t d3  = dst->nb[3] / ts;
+
+    const int num_warps = (ne00 + WARP_SIZE - 1) / WARP_SIZE;
+    int block_size = num_warps * WARP_SIZE;
+    block_size = std::min(block_size, SYCL_CUMSUM_BLOCK_SIZE);
+    const int warps_per_block = block_size / WARP_SIZE;
+    const int smem_size = block_size + warps_per_block + 2;
+
+    const sycl::range<3> grid(ne03, ne02, ne01);
+    const sycl::range<3> block(1, 1, block_size);
+
+    stream->submit([&](sycl::handler & cgh) {
+        sycl::local_accessor<float, 1> smem_acc(sycl::range<1>(smem_size), cgh);
+        cgh.parallel_for(
+            sycl::nd_range<3>(grid * block, block),
+            [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item) [[sycl::reqd_sub_group_size(WARP_SIZE)]] {
+                cumsum_f32_kernel(src_d, dst_d, ne00, ne01, ne02, ne03,
+                                  s01, s02, s03, d1, d2, d3,
+                                  item, get_pointer(smem_acc));
+            });
+    });
+}
+
+void ggml_sycl_cumsum(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    scope_op_debug_print scope_dbg_print(__func__, dst, /*num_src=*/1);
+    ggml_sycl_op_cumsum(ctx, dst);
+}

ggml/src/ggml-sycl/cumsum.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "common.hpp"
+
+void ggml_sycl_cumsum(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);

ggml/src/ggml-sycl/diag.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+#include "diag.hpp"
+#include "common.hpp"
+
+#define SYCL_DIAG_BLOCK_SIZE 256
+
+template <typename T>
+static void diag_kernel(T * __restrict__ dst, const T * __restrict__ src,
+                        const int64_t ne0, const int64_t ne1,
+                        const int64_t ne2, const int64_t ne3,
+                        const int64_t total_elements,
+                        const sycl::nd_item<1> & item) {
+    const int64_t i = item.get_global_id(0);
+    if (i >= total_elements) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const int64_t i0 = i % ne0;
+    const int64_t i1 = (i / ne0) % ne1;
+    const int64_t i2 = (i / (ne0 * ne1)) % ne2;
+    const int64_t i3 = i / (ne0 * ne1 * ne2);
+
+    const int64_t dst_idx = ((i3 * ne2 + i2) * ne1 + i1) * ne0 + i0;
+
+    if (i0 == i1) {
+        const int64_t batch_idx = i3 * ne2 + i2;
+        dst[dst_idx] = src[batch_idx * ne0 + i0];
+    } else {
+        dst[dst_idx] = T(0);
+    }
+
+    (void)ne3;
+}
+
+inline void ggml_sycl_op_diag(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(dst));
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(src0));
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0->ne[1] == 1);
+
+    dpct::queue_ptr stream = ctx.stream();
+    SYCL_CHECK(ggml_sycl_set_device(ctx.device));
+
+    const void * src0_d = src0->data;
+    void * dst_d = dst->data;
+
+    const int64_t ne0 = dst->ne[0];
+    const int64_t ne1 = dst->ne[1];
+    const int64_t ne2 = dst->ne[2];
+    const int64_t ne3 = dst->ne[3];
+    const int64_t n_elems = ggml_nelements(dst);
+    const int64_t num_blocks = (n_elems + SYCL_DIAG_BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / SYCL_DIAG_BLOCK_SIZE;
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+    stream->parallel_for(
+        sycl::nd_range<1>(num_blocks * SYCL_DIAG_BLOCK_SIZE, SYCL_DIAG_BLOCK_SIZE),
+        [=](sycl::nd_item<1> item) {
+            diag_kernel(static_cast<float *>(dst_d),
+                        static_cast<const float *>(src0_d),
+                        ne0, ne1, ne2, ne3, n_elems, item);
+        });
+}
+
+void ggml_sycl_diag(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    scope_op_debug_print scope_dbg_print(__func__, dst, /*num_src=*/1);
+    ggml_sycl_op_diag(ctx, dst);
+}

ggml/src/ggml-sycl/diag.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "common.hpp"
+
+void ggml_sycl_diag(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);

ggml/src/ggml-sycl/fill.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+#include "fill.hpp"
+#include "common.hpp"
+
+#define SYCL_FILL_BLOCK_SIZE 256
+
+template <typename T>
+static void fill_kernel(T * dst, const int64_t k, const T value,
+                        const sycl::nd_item<1> & item) {
+    const int64_t i = (int64_t)item.get_global_id(0);
+    if (i >= k) {
+        return;
+    }
+    dst[i] = value;
+}
+
+inline void ggml_sycl_op_fill(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(dst));
+
+    dpct::queue_ptr stream = ctx.stream();
+    SYCL_CHECK(ggml_sycl_set_device(ctx.device));
+
+    float value;
+    memcpy(&value, dst->op_params, sizeof(float));
+
+    const int64_t k = ggml_nelements(dst);
+    const int64_t num_blocks = (k + SYCL_FILL_BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / SYCL_FILL_BLOCK_SIZE;
+    void * dst_d = dst->data;
+
+    switch (dst->type) {
+        case GGML_TYPE_F32:
+            stream->parallel_for(
+                sycl::nd_range<1>(num_blocks * SYCL_FILL_BLOCK_SIZE, SYCL_FILL_BLOCK_SIZE),
+                [=](sycl::nd_item<1> item) {
+                    fill_kernel(static_cast<float *>(dst_d), k, value, item);
+                });
+            break;
+        case GGML_TYPE_F16:
+            {
+                sycl::half h_value = sycl::half(value);
+                stream->parallel_for(
+                    sycl::nd_range<1>(num_blocks * SYCL_FILL_BLOCK_SIZE, SYCL_FILL_BLOCK_SIZE),
+                    [=](sycl::nd_item<1> item) {
+                        fill_kernel(static_cast<sycl::half *>(dst_d), k, h_value, item);
+                    });
+            }
+            break;
+        default:
+            GGML_ABORT("unsupported type");
+    }
+}
+
+void ggml_sycl_fill(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    scope_op_debug_print scope_dbg_print(__func__, dst, /*num_src=*/0);
+    ggml_sycl_op_fill(ctx, dst);
+}

ggml/src/ggml-sycl/fill.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "common.hpp"
+
+void ggml_sycl_fill(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);

ggml/src/ggml-sycl/gated_delta_net.hpp

@@ -5,4 +5,5 @@
 #include "common.hpp"
 #include "ggml.h"
 
+void ggml_sycl_op_gated_delta_net(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
 void ggml_sycl_gated_delta_net(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);

ggml/src/ggml-sycl/ggml-sycl.cpp

@@ -54,7 +54,12 @@
 #include "ggml-sycl/set.hpp"
 #include "ggml-sycl/ssm_conv.hpp"
 #include "ggml-sycl/sycl_hw.hpp"
-
+#include "ggml-sycl/ssm_scan.hpp"
+#include "ggml-sycl/fill.hpp"
+#include "ggml-sycl/cumsum.hpp"
+#include "ggml-sycl/diag.hpp"
+#include "ggml-sycl/solve_tri.hpp"
+#include "ggml-sycl/gated_delta_net.hpp"
 
 static bool g_sycl_loaded = false;
 int g_ggml_sycl_debug = 0;
@@ -4394,6 +4399,21 @@ static bool ggml_sycl_compute_forward(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, struct gg
         case GGML_OP_SSM_CONV:
             ggml_sycl_ssm_conv(ctx, dst);
             break;
+        case GGML_OP_SSM_SCAN:
+            ggml_sycl_ssm_scan(ctx, dst);
+            break;
+        case GGML_OP_FILL:
+            ggml_sycl_fill(ctx, dst);
+            break;
+        case GGML_OP_CUMSUM:
+            ggml_sycl_cumsum(ctx, dst);
+            break;
+        case GGML_OP_DIAG:
+            ggml_sycl_diag(ctx, dst);
+            break;
+        case GGML_OP_SOLVE_TRI:
+            ggml_sycl_solve_tri(ctx, dst);
+            break;
         case GGML_OP_ROLL:
             ggml_sycl_roll(ctx, dst);
             break;
@@ -5104,6 +5124,21 @@ static bool ggml_backend_sycl_device_supports_op(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, const g
             return op->type == GGML_TYPE_F32;
         case GGML_OP_ARANGE:
             return op->type == GGML_TYPE_F32;
+        case GGML_OP_SSM_SCAN:
+            if (op->src[3]->ne[0] == 1) {
+                // Mamba2
+                // (kernel only supports (d_state == 128 || d_state == 256) && d_head % WARP_SIZE == 0)
+                return (op->src[0]->ne[0] == 128 || op->src[0]->ne[0] == 256) && op->src[0]->ne[1] % WARP_SIZE == 0;
+            } else {
+                // TODO Mamba-1 not yet ported to SYCL
+                return false;
+            }
+        case GGML_OP_FILL:
+        case GGML_OP_CUMSUM:
+        case GGML_OP_DIAG:
+            return true;
+        case GGML_OP_SOLVE_TRI:
+            return op->src[0]->ne[0] <= SYCL_SOLVE_TRI_MAX_N && op->src[1]->ne[0] <= SYCL_SOLVE_TRI_MAX_K;
         case GGML_OP_FLASH_ATTN_EXT:
             return ggml_sycl_flash_attn_ext_supported(device, op);
         default:

ggml/src/ggml-sycl/solve_tri.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
+#include "solve_tri.hpp"
+#include "common.hpp"
+#include <oneapi/mkl/blas.hpp>
+
+template <int n_template, int k_template>
+static void solve_tri_f32_fast(const float * __restrict__ A,
+                               const float * __restrict__ B,
+                               float * __restrict__ X,
+                               const int64_t ne02, [[maybe_unused]] const int64_t ne03,
+                               const int64_t nb02, const int64_t nb03,
+                               const int64_t nb12, const int64_t nb13,
+                               const int64_t nb2,  const int64_t nb3,
+                               const int n_arg, const int k_arg,
+                               const sycl::nd_item<2> & item, float * sA) {
+
+    const int n = n_template == 0 ? n_arg : n_template;
+    const int k = k_template == 0 ? k_arg : k_template;
+
+    const int batch_idx = item.get_group(1);
+    const int lane      = item.get_local_id(1) % WARP_SIZE;
+    const int col_idx   = item.get_local_id(0);
+
+    if (col_idx >= k) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const int64_t i03 = batch_idx / ne02;
+    const int64_t i02 = batch_idx % ne02;
+
+    const float * A_batch = (const float *) ((const char *) A + i02 * nb02 + i03 * nb03);
+    const float * B_batch = (const float *) ((const char *) B + i02 * nb12 + i03 * nb13);
+    float *       X_batch = (float *)       ((char *)       X + i02 * nb2  + i03 * nb3);
+
+    const int offset = item.get_local_id(1) + item.get_local_id(0) * item.get_local_range(1);
+
+#pragma unroll
+    for (int i = 0; i < n * n; i += k * WARP_SIZE) {
+        const int i0 = i + offset;
+        if (i0 < n * n) {
+            sA[i0] = A_batch[i0];
+        }
+    }
+
+    item.barrier(sycl::access::fence_space::local_space);
+
+    float x_low  = (lane < n) ? B_batch[lane * k + col_idx] : 0.0f;
+    float x_high = (WARP_SIZE + lane < n) ? B_batch[(WARP_SIZE + lane) * k + col_idx] : 0.0f;
+
+    const int half      = WARP_SIZE;
+    const int nrows_low = (n < half) ? n : half;
+
+#pragma unroll
+    for (int row = 0; row < nrows_low; ++row) {
+        float sum = 0.0f;
+        if (lane < row) {
+            sum += sA[row * n + lane] * x_low;
+        }
+        sum = warp_reduce_sum<WARP_SIZE>(sum);
+        if (lane == row) {
+            x_low = (x_low - sum) / sA[row * n + row];
+        }
+    }
+
+#pragma unroll
+    for (int row = half; row < n; ++row) {
+        float     sum = sA[row * n + lane] * x_low;
+        const int j   = half + lane;
+        if (j < row) {
+            sum += sA[row * n + j] * x_high;
+        }
+        sum = warp_reduce_sum<WARP_SIZE>(sum);
+        if (lane == row - half) {
+            x_high = (x_high - sum) / sA[row * n + row];
+        }
+    }
+
+#pragma unroll
+    for (int rr = 0; rr < 2; ++rr) {
+        const int row = rr * WARP_SIZE + lane;
+        if (row < n) {
+            const float val            = (row < half) ? x_low : x_high;
+            X_batch[row * k + col_idx] = val;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+static void solve_tri_f32_mkl(dpct::queue_ptr stream,
+                               const float * A, float * X,
+                               int n, int k,
+                               int64_t ne02, [[maybe_unused]] int64_t ne03,
+                               int64_t nb02, [[maybe_unused]] int64_t nb03,
+                               int64_t nb2,  [[maybe_unused]] int64_t nb3) {
+    const float alpha = 1.0f;
+    const int64_t total_batches = ne02 * ne03;
+    if (total_batches == 0) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const int64_t stride_a = nb02 / sizeof(float);
+    const int64_t stride_x = nb2 / sizeof(float);
+
+    oneapi::mkl::blas::trsm_batch(
+        *stream,
+        oneapi::mkl::side::right,
+        oneapi::mkl::uplo::upper,
+        oneapi::mkl::transpose::nontrans,
+        oneapi::mkl::diag::nonunit,
+        k, n, alpha,
+        A, n, stride_a,
+        X, k, stride_x,
+        total_batches);
+}
+
+inline void ggml_sycl_op_solve_tri(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
+    const ggml_tensor * src1 = dst->src[1];
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(src0));
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(src1));
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+
+    dpct::queue_ptr stream = ctx.stream();
+    SYCL_CHECK(ggml_sycl_set_device(ctx.device));
+
+    const int n    = src0->ne[0];
+    const int k    = src1->ne[0];
+    const int64_t ne02 = src0->ne[2];
+    const int64_t ne03 = src0->ne[3];
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(n <= SYCL_SOLVE_TRI_MAX_N && k <= SYCL_SOLVE_TRI_MAX_K);
+
+    const float * A_d = static_cast<const float *>(src0->data);
+    const float * B_d = static_cast<const float *>(src1->data);
+    float * X_d       = static_cast<float *>(dst->data);
+
+    if (X_d != B_d) {
+        const int64_t total_elements = (int64_t)n * k * ne02 * ne03;
+        stream->memcpy(X_d, B_d, total_elements * sizeof(float));
+    }
+
+    const int64_t nb02 = src0->nb[2];
+    const int64_t nb03 = src0->nb[3];
+    const int64_t nb12 = src1->nb[2];
+    const int64_t nb13 = src1->nb[3];
+    const int64_t nb2  = dst->nb[2];
+    const int64_t nb3  = dst->nb[3];
+
+    const int64_t total_batches = ne02 * ne03;
+
+    if (n <= 2 * WARP_SIZE && k <= 32) {
+        const int smem_size = 2 * WARP_SIZE * 2 * WARP_SIZE;
+        const sycl::range<2> grid(1, total_batches);
+        const sycl::range<2> block(k, WARP_SIZE);
+        stream->submit([&](sycl::handler & cgh) {
+            sycl::local_accessor<float, 1> smem_acc(sycl::range<1>(smem_size), cgh);
+            cgh.parallel_for(
+                sycl::nd_range<2>(grid * block, block),
+                [=](sycl::nd_item<2> item) [[sycl::reqd_sub_group_size(WARP_SIZE)]] {
+                    solve_tri_f32_fast<0, 0>(A_d, B_d, X_d, ne02, ne03,
+                                              nb02, nb03, nb12, nb13, nb2, nb3,
+                                              n, k, item, get_pointer(smem_acc));
+                });
+        });
+    } else {
+        solve_tri_f32_mkl(stream, A_d, X_d, n, k, ne02, ne03, nb02, nb03, nb2, nb3);
+    }
+}
+
+void ggml_sycl_solve_tri(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    scope_op_debug_print scope_dbg_print(__func__, dst, /*num_src=*/2);
+    ggml_sycl_op_solve_tri(ctx, dst);
+}

ggml/src/ggml-sycl/solve_tri.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "common.hpp"
+
+#define SYCL_SOLVE_TRI_MAX_N 64
+#define SYCL_SOLVE_TRI_MAX_K 64
+
+void ggml_sycl_solve_tri(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);

ggml/src/ggml-sycl/ssm_conv.cpp

@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ static void kernel_ssm_conv(
     });
 }
 
-void ggml_sycl_ssm_conv(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+inline void ggml_sycl_op_ssm_conv(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
     ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
     ggml_tensor * src1 = dst->src[1];
 
@@ -125,3 +125,8 @@ void ggml_sycl_ssm_conv(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
         throw;
     }
 }
+
+void ggml_sycl_ssm_conv(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    scope_op_debug_print scope_dbg_print(__func__, dst, /*num_src=*/2);
+    ggml_sycl_op_ssm_conv(ctx, dst);
+}

ggml/src/ggml-sycl/ssm_scan.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+#include "ssm_scan.hpp"
+#include "common.hpp"
+
+template <int c_factor, int d_state>
+static void ssm_scan_f32_group(
+        const float * __restrict__ src0, const float * __restrict__ src1, const float * __restrict__ src2,
+        const float * __restrict__ src3, const float * __restrict__ src4, const float * __restrict__ src5,
+        const int32_t * __restrict__ src6, float * __restrict__ dst,
+        const int src0_nb2, const int src0_nb3, const int src1_nb2, const int src1_nb3,
+        const int src2_nb1, const int src2_nb2, const int src3_nb1,
+        const int src4_nb2, const int src4_nb3, const int src5_nb2, const int src5_nb3,
+        const int64_t s_off, const int64_t n_head, const int64_t d_head, const int64_t n_group, const int64_t n_tok,
+        const sycl::nd_item<2> & item) {
+
+    const int lane     = item.get_local_id(1) % WARP_SIZE;
+    const int warp     = item.get_local_id(1) / WARP_SIZE;
+    const int warp_idx = item.get_group(1) * c_factor + warp;
+    const int seq_idx  = item.get_group(0);
+
+    const int head_idx = warp_idx / d_head;
+    const int head_off = (warp_idx % d_head) * sizeof(float);
+    const int group_off = (head_idx / (n_head / n_group)) * d_state * sizeof(float);
+
+    const float * s0_warp = (const float *) ((const char *) src0 + src6[seq_idx] * src0_nb3 + head_idx * src0_nb2 + head_off * d_state);
+    const float * x_warp  = (const float *) ((const char *) src1 + (seq_idx * src1_nb3) + (warp_idx * sizeof(float)));
+    const float * dt_warp = (const float *) ((const char *) src2 + (seq_idx * src2_nb2) + head_idx * sizeof(float));
+    const float * A_warp  = (const float *) ((const char *) src3 + head_idx * src3_nb1);
+    const float * B_warp  = (const float *) ((const char *) src4 + (seq_idx * src4_nb3) + (group_off));
+    const float * C_warp  = (const float *) ((const char *) src5 + (seq_idx * src5_nb3) + (group_off));
+    float *       y_warp  = dst + (seq_idx * n_tok * n_head * d_head) + warp_idx;
+    float *       s_warp  = (float *) ((char *) dst + s_off + seq_idx * src0_nb3 + head_idx * src0_nb2 + head_off * d_state);
+
+    const int stride_x  = src1_nb2 / sizeof(float);
+    const int stride_dt = src2_nb1 / sizeof(float);
+    const int stride_B  = src4_nb2 / sizeof(float);
+    const int stride_C  = src5_nb2 / sizeof(float);
+    const int stride_y  = n_head * d_head;
+
+    float state[c_factor];
+    float state_sum = 0.0f;
+
+#pragma unroll
+    for (int j = 0; j < c_factor; j++) {
+        state[j] = s0_warp[WARP_SIZE * j + lane];
+    }
+
+    for (int64_t i = 0; i < n_tok; i++) {
+        const float dt_val = dt_warp[i * stride_dt];
+        const float dt_soft_plus = (dt_val <= 20.0f ? sycl::log1p(sycl::exp(dt_val)) : dt_val);
+
+        state_sum = 0.0f;
+        const float dA   = sycl::exp(dt_soft_plus * A_warp[0]);
+        const float x_dt = x_warp[i * stride_x] * dt_soft_plus;
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int j = 0; j < c_factor; j++) {
+            const float B_val = B_warp[i * stride_B + WARP_SIZE * j + lane];
+            const float C_val = C_warp[i * stride_C + WARP_SIZE * j + lane];
+            state[j] = (state[j] * dA) + (B_val * x_dt);
+            state_sum += state[j] * C_val;
+        }
+
+        state_sum = warp_reduce_sum<WARP_SIZE>(state_sum);
+
+        if (lane == 0) {
+            y_warp[i * stride_y] = state_sum;
+        }
+    }
+
+#pragma unroll
+    for (int j = 0; j < c_factor; j++) {
+        s_warp[WARP_SIZE * j + lane] = state[j];
+    }
+}
+
+static void ssm_scan_f32_sycl(
+        const float * src0, const float * src1, const float * src2, const float * src3,
+        const float * src4, const float * src5, const int32_t * src6, float * dst,
+        const int src0_nb2, const int src0_nb3, const int src1_nb2, const int src1_nb3, const int src2_nb1,
+        const int src2_nb2, const int src3_nb1, const int src4_nb2, const int src4_nb3, const int src5_nb2,
+        const int src5_nb3, const int64_t s_off, const int64_t d_state, const int64_t head_dim,
+        const int64_t n_head, const int64_t n_group, const int64_t n_tok, const int64_t n_seq,
+        dpct::queue_ptr stream) {
+
+    // NOTE: if you change conditions here, be sure to update the corresponding supports_op condition!
+    GGML_ASSERT(src3_nb1 == sizeof(float));
+    if (d_state == 128) {
+        constexpr int threads   = 128;
+        constexpr int num_warps = threads / WARP_SIZE;
+        const sycl::range<2> grid(n_seq, (n_head * head_dim + num_warps - 1) / num_warps);
+        const sycl::range<2> block(1, threads);
+        stream->parallel_for(
+            sycl::nd_range<2>(grid * block, block),
+            [=](sycl::nd_item<2> item) [[sycl::reqd_sub_group_size(WARP_SIZE)]] {
+                ssm_scan_f32_group<128 / WARP_SIZE, 128>(
+                    src0, src1, src2, src3, src4, src5, src6, dst,
+                    src0_nb2, src0_nb3, src1_nb2, src1_nb3, src2_nb1, src2_nb2, src3_nb1,
+                    src4_nb2, src4_nb3, src5_nb2, src5_nb3, s_off, n_head, head_dim, n_group, n_tok, item);
+            });
+    } else if (d_state == 256) {
+        constexpr int threads   = 256;
+        constexpr int num_warps = threads / WARP_SIZE;
+        const sycl::range<2> grid(n_seq, (n_head * head_dim + num_warps - 1) / num_warps);
+        const sycl::range<2> block(1, threads);
+        stream->parallel_for(
+            sycl::nd_range<2>(grid * block, block),
+            [=](sycl::nd_item<2> item) [[sycl::reqd_sub_group_size(WARP_SIZE)]] {
+                ssm_scan_f32_group<256 / WARP_SIZE, 256>(
+                    src0, src1, src2, src3, src4, src5, src6, dst,
+                    src0_nb2, src0_nb3, src1_nb2, src1_nb3, src2_nb1, src2_nb2, src3_nb1,
+                    src4_nb2, src4_nb3, src5_nb2, src5_nb3, s_off, n_head, head_dim, n_group, n_tok, item);
+            });
+    } else {
+        GGML_ABORT("ssm_scan: unsupported d_state (must be 128 or 256)");
+    }
+}
+
+inline void ggml_sycl_op_ssm_scan(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
+    const ggml_tensor * src1 = dst->src[1];
+    const ggml_tensor * src2 = dst->src[2];
+    const ggml_tensor * src3 = dst->src[3];
+    const ggml_tensor * src4 = dst->src[4];
+    const ggml_tensor * src5 = dst->src[5];
+    const ggml_tensor * src6 = dst->src[6];
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+    GGML_ASSERT(src6->type == GGML_TYPE_I32);
+    GGML_ASSERT(dst->type  == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+
+    const int64_t nc  = src0->ne[0];
+    const int64_t nr  = src0->ne[1];
+    const int64_t nh  = src1->ne[1];
+    const int64_t ng  = src4->ne[1];
+    const int64_t n_t = src1->ne[2];
+    const int64_t n_s = src1->ne[3];
+    const int64_t s_off = ggml_nelements(src1) * sizeof(float);
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_nelements(src1) + nc * nr * nh * n_s == ggml_nelements(dst));
+
+    dpct::queue_ptr stream = ctx.stream();
+    SYCL_CHECK(ggml_sycl_set_device(ctx.device));
+
+    ssm_scan_f32_sycl(
+        static_cast<const float *>(src0->data), static_cast<const float *>(src1->data),
+        static_cast<const float *>(src2->data), static_cast<const float *>(src3->data),
+        static_cast<const float *>(src4->data), static_cast<const float *>(src5->data),
+        static_cast<const int32_t *>(src6->data), static_cast<float *>(dst->data),
+        src0->nb[2], src0->nb[3], src1->nb[2], src1->nb[3], src2->nb[1], src2->nb[2],
+        src3->nb[1], src4->nb[2], src4->nb[3], src5->nb[2], src5->nb[3],
+        s_off, nc, nr, nh, ng, n_t, n_s, stream);
+}
+
+void ggml_sycl_ssm_scan(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    scope_op_debug_print scope_dbg_print(__func__, dst, /*num_src=*/7);
+    ggml_sycl_op_ssm_scan(ctx, dst);
+}

ggml/src/ggml-sycl/ssm_scan.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "common.hpp"
+
+void ggml_sycl_ssm_scan(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);

ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/ggml-vulkan.cpp

@@ -2149,11 +2149,11 @@ static void ggml_vk_create_pipeline_func(vk_device& device, vk_pipeline& pipelin
 
     // Patch SPIR-V to enable RTE rounding for FP16, avoiding the need for
     // separate shader variants compiled with -DRTE16.
-    std::vector<uint32_t> spv;
+    std::vector<uint32_t> spirv;
     if (device->float_controls_rte_fp16) {
         const uint32_t* spv_words = reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(spv_data);
         size_t word_count = spv_size / sizeof(uint32_t);
-        spv.assign(spv_words, spv_words + word_count);
+        spirv.assign(spv_words, spv_words + word_count);
 
         // Find insertion points respecting SPIR-V layout order:
         //   Header(5) -> OpCapability -> OpExtension -> ... -> OpEntryPoint -> OpExecutionMode -> ...
@@ -2163,9 +2163,9 @@ static void ggml_vk_create_pipeline_func(vk_device& device, vk_pipeline& pipelin
         size_t exec_insert_pos = pos;
         uint32_t entry_point_id = 0;
 
-        while (pos < spv.size()) {
-            uint32_t opcode = spv[pos] & spv::OpCodeMask;
-            uint32_t len    = spv[pos] >> spv::WordCountShift;
+        while (pos < spirv.size()) {
+            uint32_t opcode = spirv[pos] & spv::OpCodeMask;
+            uint32_t len    = spirv[pos] >> spv::WordCountShift;
             if (len == 0) break;
 
             if (opcode == spv::OpCapability) {
@@ -2174,7 +2174,7 @@ static void ggml_vk_create_pipeline_func(vk_device& device, vk_pipeline& pipelin
             } else if (opcode == spv::OpExtension) {
                 ext_insert_pos = pos + len;
             } else if (opcode == spv::OpEntryPoint) {
-                entry_point_id = spv[pos + 2];
+                entry_point_id = spirv[pos + 2];
                 exec_insert_pos = pos + len;
             } else if (opcode == spv::OpExecutionMode || opcode == spv::OpExecutionModeId) {
                 exec_insert_pos = pos + len;
@@ -2189,7 +2189,7 @@ static void ggml_vk_create_pipeline_func(vk_device& device, vk_pipeline& pipelin
 
         // OpExecutionMode %entrypoint RoundingModeRTE 16
         uint32_t exec_mode[] = { (4u << spv::WordCountShift) | spv::OpExecutionMode, entry_point_id, spv::ExecutionModeRoundingModeRTE, 16 };
-        spv.insert(spv.begin() + exec_insert_pos, std::begin(exec_mode), std::end(exec_mode));
+        spirv.insert(spirv.begin() + exec_insert_pos, std::begin(exec_mode), std::end(exec_mode));
 
         // OpExtension "SPV_KHR_float_controls"
         const char ext_str[] = "SPV_KHR_float_controls";
@@ -2197,13 +2197,13 @@ static void ggml_vk_create_pipeline_func(vk_device& device, vk_pipeline& pipelin
         std::vector<uint32_t> extension(1 + ext_str_words, 0);
         extension[0] = (uint32_t)((1 + ext_str_words) << spv::WordCountShift) | spv::OpExtension;
         memcpy(&extension[1], ext_str, sizeof(ext_str));
-        spv.insert(spv.begin() + ext_insert_pos, extension.begin(), extension.end());
+        spirv.insert(spirv.begin() + ext_insert_pos, extension.begin(), extension.end());
 
         // OpCapability RoundingModeRTE
         uint32_t capability[] = { (2u << spv::WordCountShift) | spv::OpCapability, spv::CapabilityRoundingModeRTE };
-        spv.insert(spv.begin() + cap_insert_pos, std::begin(capability), std::end(capability));
+        spirv.insert(spirv.begin() + cap_insert_pos, std::begin(capability), std::end(capability));
 
-        shader_module_create_info = vk::ShaderModuleCreateInfo({}, spv.size() * sizeof(uint32_t), spv.data());
+        shader_module_create_info = vk::ShaderModuleCreateInfo({}, spirv.size() * sizeof(uint32_t), spirv.data());
     }
 
     pipeline->shader_module = device->device.createShaderModule(shader_module_create_info);

gguf-py/gguf/constants.py

@@ -175,6 +175,7 @@ class Keys:
         SLIDING_WINDOW               = "{arch}.attention.sliding_window"
         SCALE                        = "{arch}.attention.scale"
         OUTPUT_SCALE                 = "{arch}.attention.output_scale"
+        VALUE_SCALE                  = "{arch}.attention.value_scale"
         TEMPERATURE_LENGTH           = "{arch}.attention.temperature_length"
         KEY_LENGTH_MLA               = "{arch}.attention.key_length_mla"
         VALUE_LENGTH_MLA             = "{arch}.attention.value_length_mla"
@@ -339,6 +340,9 @@ class Keys:
         FEED_FORWARD_LENGTH = "clip.audio.feed_forward_length"
         PROJECTION_DIM      = "clip.audio.projection_dim"
         BLOCK_COUNT         = "clip.audio.block_count"
+        CHUNK_SIZE          = "clip.audio.chunk_size"
+        CONV_KERNEL_SIZE    = "clip.audio.conv_kernel_size"
+        MAX_POS_EMB         = "clip.audio.max_pos_emb"
 
         class Attention:
             HEAD_COUNT      = "clip.audio.attention.head_count"
@@ -346,6 +350,9 @@ class Keys:
 
         class Projector:
             STACK_FACTOR    = "clip.audio.projector.stack_factor"
+            WINDOW_SIZE     = "clip.audio.projector.window_size"
+            DOWNSAMPLE_RATE = "clip.audio.projector.downsample_rate"
+            HEAD_COUNT      = "clip.audio.projector.head_count"
 
     class Diffusion:
         SHIFT_LOGITS        = "diffusion.shift_logits"
@@ -767,6 +774,14 @@ class MODEL_TENSOR(IntEnum):
     V_DS_NORM            = auto() # qwen3vl
     V_DS_FC1             = auto() # qwen3vl
     V_DS_FC2             = auto() # qwen3vl
+    V_MERGER_LN1         = auto() # minicpmv4_6
+    V_MERGER_ATTN_Q      = auto() # minicpmv4_6
+    V_MERGER_ATTN_K      = auto() # minicpmv4_6
+    V_MERGER_ATTN_V      = auto() # minicpmv4_6
+    V_MERGER_ATTN_O      = auto() # minicpmv4_6
+    V_MERGER_DS_LN       = auto() # minicpmv4_6
+    V_MERGER_DS_UP       = auto() # minicpmv4_6
+    V_MERGER_DS_DOWN     = auto() # minicpmv4_6
     V_MM_POST_FC_NORM    = auto() # cogvlm
     V_MM_UP              = auto() # cogvlm
     V_MM_DOWN            = auto() # cogvlm
@@ -854,6 +869,26 @@ class MODEL_TENSOR(IntEnum):
     A_ENC_CONV_NORM        = auto() # SSM conv
     A_ENC_CONV_PW1         = auto()
     A_ENC_CONV_PW2         = auto()
+    A_CTC_OUT              = auto()
+    A_CTC_OUT_MID          = auto()
+    A_ENC_ATTN_REL_POS_EMB = auto()
+    # qformer projector
+    A_QF_PROJ_QUERY        = auto()
+    A_QF_PROJ_NORM         = auto()
+    A_QF_PROJ_LINEAR       = auto()
+    A_QF_SELF_ATTN_Q       = auto()
+    A_QF_SELF_ATTN_K       = auto()
+    A_QF_SELF_ATTN_V       = auto()
+    A_QF_SELF_ATTN_O       = auto()
+    A_QF_SELF_ATTN_NORM    = auto()
+    A_QF_CROSS_ATTN_Q      = auto()
+    A_QF_CROSS_ATTN_K      = auto()
+    A_QF_CROSS_ATTN_V      = auto()
+    A_QF_CROSS_ATTN_O      = auto()
+    A_QF_CROSS_ATTN_NORM   = auto()
+    A_QF_FFN_UP            = auto()
+    A_QF_FFN_DOWN          = auto()
+    A_QF_FFN_NORM          = auto()
 
 
 MODEL_ARCH_NAMES: dict[MODEL_ARCH, str] = {
@@ -1251,6 +1286,14 @@ TENSOR_NAMES: dict[MODEL_TENSOR, str] = {
     MODEL_TENSOR.V_DS_NORM:                 "v.deepstack.{bid}.norm",
     MODEL_TENSOR.V_DS_FC1:                  "v.deepstack.{bid}.fc1",
     MODEL_TENSOR.V_DS_FC2:                  "v.deepstack.{bid}.fc2",
+    MODEL_TENSOR.V_MERGER_LN1:              "v.vit_merger.ln1",
+    MODEL_TENSOR.V_MERGER_ATTN_Q:           "v.vit_merger.attn_q",
+    MODEL_TENSOR.V_MERGER_ATTN_K:           "v.vit_merger.attn_k",
+    MODEL_TENSOR.V_MERGER_ATTN_V:           "v.vit_merger.attn_v",
+    MODEL_TENSOR.V_MERGER_ATTN_O:           "v.vit_merger.attn_out",
+    MODEL_TENSOR.V_MERGER_DS_LN:            "v.vit_merger.ds_ln",
+    MODEL_TENSOR.V_MERGER_DS_UP:            "v.vit_merger.ds_ffn_up",
+    MODEL_TENSOR.V_MERGER_DS_DOWN:          "v.vit_merger.ds_ffn_down",
     MODEL_TENSOR.V_MM_POST_FC_NORM:         "mm.post_fc_norm", # cogvlm
     MODEL_TENSOR.V_MM_UP:                   "mm.up",
     MODEL_TENSOR.V_MM_DOWN:                 "mm.down",
@@ -1333,6 +1376,26 @@ TENSOR_NAMES: dict[MODEL_TENSOR, str] = {
     MODEL_TENSOR.A_ENC_CONV_NORM:           "a.blk.{bid}.conv_norm",
     MODEL_TENSOR.A_ENC_CONV_PW1:            "a.blk.{bid}.conv_pw1",
     MODEL_TENSOR.A_ENC_CONV_PW2:            "a.blk.{bid}.conv_pw2",
+    MODEL_TENSOR.A_CTC_OUT:                 "a.enc_ctc_out",
+    MODEL_TENSOR.A_CTC_OUT_MID:             "a.enc_ctc_out_mid",
+    MODEL_TENSOR.A_ENC_ATTN_REL_POS_EMB:    "a.blk.{bid}.attn_rel_pos_emb",
+    # qformer projector
+    MODEL_TENSOR.A_QF_PROJ_QUERY:           "a.proj_query",
+    MODEL_TENSOR.A_QF_PROJ_NORM:            "a.proj_norm",
+    MODEL_TENSOR.A_QF_PROJ_LINEAR:          "a.proj_linear",
+    MODEL_TENSOR.A_QF_SELF_ATTN_Q:          "a.proj_blk.{bid}.self_attn_q",
+    MODEL_TENSOR.A_QF_SELF_ATTN_K:          "a.proj_blk.{bid}.self_attn_k",
+    MODEL_TENSOR.A_QF_SELF_ATTN_V:          "a.proj_blk.{bid}.self_attn_v",
+    MODEL_TENSOR.A_QF_SELF_ATTN_O:          "a.proj_blk.{bid}.self_attn_out",
+    MODEL_TENSOR.A_QF_SELF_ATTN_NORM:       "a.proj_blk.{bid}.self_attn_norm",
+    MODEL_TENSOR.A_QF_CROSS_ATTN_Q:         "a.proj_blk.{bid}.cross_attn_q",
+    MODEL_TENSOR.A_QF_CROSS_ATTN_K:         "a.proj_blk.{bid}.cross_attn_k",
+    MODEL_TENSOR.A_QF_CROSS_ATTN_V:         "a.proj_blk.{bid}.cross_attn_v",
+    MODEL_TENSOR.A_QF_CROSS_ATTN_O:         "a.proj_blk.{bid}.cross_attn_out",
+    MODEL_TENSOR.A_QF_CROSS_ATTN_NORM:      "a.proj_blk.{bid}.cross_attn_norm",
+    MODEL_TENSOR.A_QF_FFN_UP:               "a.proj_blk.{bid}.ffn_up",
+    MODEL_TENSOR.A_QF_FFN_DOWN:             "a.proj_blk.{bid}.ffn_down",
+    MODEL_TENSOR.A_QF_FFN_NORM:             "a.proj_blk.{bid}.ffn_norm",
     # NextN/MTP
     MODEL_TENSOR.NEXTN_EH_PROJ:             "blk.{bid}.nextn.eh_proj",
     MODEL_TENSOR.NEXTN_EMBED_TOKENS:        "blk.{bid}.nextn.embed_tokens",
@@ -1403,6 +1466,14 @@ MODEL_TENSORS: dict[MODEL_ARCH, list[MODEL_TENSOR]] = {
         MODEL_TENSOR.V_DS_NORM,
         MODEL_TENSOR.V_DS_FC1,
         MODEL_TENSOR.V_DS_FC2,
+        MODEL_TENSOR.V_MERGER_LN1,
+        MODEL_TENSOR.V_MERGER_ATTN_Q,
+        MODEL_TENSOR.V_MERGER_ATTN_K,
+        MODEL_TENSOR.V_MERGER_ATTN_V,
+        MODEL_TENSOR.V_MERGER_ATTN_O,
+        MODEL_TENSOR.V_MERGER_DS_LN,
+        MODEL_TENSOR.V_MERGER_DS_UP,
+        MODEL_TENSOR.V_MERGER_DS_DOWN,
         MODEL_TENSOR.V_MM_POST_FC_NORM,
         MODEL_TENSOR.V_MM_UP,
         MODEL_TENSOR.V_MM_DOWN,
@@ -1480,6 +1551,26 @@ MODEL_TENSORS: dict[MODEL_ARCH, list[MODEL_TENSOR]] = {
         MODEL_TENSOR.A_MM_HARD_EMB_NORM,
         MODEL_TENSOR.A_PER_DIM_K_SCALE,
         MODEL_TENSOR.A_PER_DIM_SCALE,
+        MODEL_TENSOR.A_CTC_OUT,
+        MODEL_TENSOR.A_CTC_OUT_MID,
+        MODEL_TENSOR.A_ENC_ATTN_REL_POS_EMB,
+        # qformer projector
+        MODEL_TENSOR.A_QF_PROJ_QUERY,
+        MODEL_TENSOR.A_QF_PROJ_NORM,
+        MODEL_TENSOR.A_QF_PROJ_LINEAR,
+        MODEL_TENSOR.A_QF_SELF_ATTN_Q,
+        MODEL_TENSOR.A_QF_SELF_ATTN_K,
+        MODEL_TENSOR.A_QF_SELF_ATTN_V,
+        MODEL_TENSOR.A_QF_SELF_ATTN_O,
+        MODEL_TENSOR.A_QF_SELF_ATTN_NORM,
+        MODEL_TENSOR.A_QF_CROSS_ATTN_Q,
+        MODEL_TENSOR.A_QF_CROSS_ATTN_K,
+        MODEL_TENSOR.A_QF_CROSS_ATTN_V,
+        MODEL_TENSOR.A_QF_CROSS_ATTN_O,
+        MODEL_TENSOR.A_QF_CROSS_ATTN_NORM,
+        MODEL_TENSOR.A_QF_FFN_UP,
+        MODEL_TENSOR.A_QF_FFN_DOWN,
+        MODEL_TENSOR.A_QF_FFN_NORM,
     ],
     MODEL_ARCH.LLAMA: [
         MODEL_TENSOR.TOKEN_EMBD,
@@ -3778,6 +3869,7 @@ MODEL_TENSORS: dict[MODEL_ARCH, list[MODEL_TENSOR]] = {
         MODEL_TENSOR.OUTPUT_NORM,
         MODEL_TENSOR.OUTPUT,
         MODEL_TENSOR.ATTN_NORM,
+        MODEL_TENSOR.ATTN_QKV,
         MODEL_TENSOR.ATTN_Q,
         MODEL_TENSOR.ATTN_K,
         MODEL_TENSOR.ATTN_V,
@@ -3792,6 +3884,10 @@ MODEL_TENSORS: dict[MODEL_ARCH, list[MODEL_TENSOR]] = {
         MODEL_TENSOR.FFN_DOWN_EXP,
         MODEL_TENSOR.FFN_UP_EXP,
         MODEL_TENSOR.FFN_EXP_PROBS_B,
+        MODEL_TENSOR.LAYER_OUT_NORM,
+        MODEL_TENSOR.NEXTN_EH_PROJ,
+        MODEL_TENSOR.NEXTN_ENORM,
+        MODEL_TENSOR.NEXTN_HNORM,
     ],
     MODEL_ARCH.STEP35: [
         MODEL_TENSOR.TOKEN_EMBD,
@@ -4158,6 +4254,8 @@ class VisionProjectorType:
     NEMOTRON_V2_VL = "nemotron_v2_vl"
     HUNYUANOCR     = "hunyuanocr"
     HUNYUANVL      = "hunyuanvl"
+    MINICPMV4_6    = "minicpmv4_6"
+    GRANITE_SPEECH = "granite_speech"  # audio
 
 
 # Items here are (block size, type size)

gguf-py/gguf/gguf_writer.py

@@ -943,6 +943,9 @@ class GGUFWriter:
     def add_attn_output_scale(self, value: float) -> None:
         self.add_float32(Keys.Attention.OUTPUT_SCALE.format(arch=self.arch), value)
 
+    def add_attn_value_scale(self, value: float) -> None:
+        self.add_float32(Keys.Attention.VALUE_SCALE.format(arch=self.arch), value)
+
     def add_attn_temperature_length(self, value: int) -> None:
         self.add_uint32(Keys.Attention.TEMPERATURE_LENGTH.format(arch=self.arch), value)
 
@@ -1260,6 +1263,24 @@ class GGUFWriter:
     def add_audio_stack_factor(self, value: int) -> None:
         self.add_uint32(Keys.ClipAudio.Projector.STACK_FACTOR, value)
 
+    def add_audio_chunk_size(self, value: int) -> None:
+        self.add_uint32(Keys.ClipAudio.CHUNK_SIZE, value)
+
+    def add_audio_conv_kernel_size(self, value: int) -> None:
+        self.add_uint32(Keys.ClipAudio.CONV_KERNEL_SIZE, value)
+
+    def add_audio_max_pos_emb(self, value: int) -> None:
+        self.add_uint32(Keys.ClipAudio.MAX_POS_EMB, value)
+
+    def add_audio_projector_window_size(self, value: int) -> None:
+        self.add_uint32(Keys.ClipAudio.Projector.WINDOW_SIZE, value)
+
+    def add_audio_projector_downsample_rate(self, value: int) -> None:
+        self.add_uint32(Keys.ClipAudio.Projector.DOWNSAMPLE_RATE, value)
+
+    def add_audio_projector_head_count(self, value: int) -> None:
+        self.add_uint32(Keys.ClipAudio.Projector.HEAD_COUNT, value)
+
     def add_xielu_alpha_p(self, values: Sequence[float]):
         self.add_array(Keys.xIELU.ALPHA_P, values)
 

gguf-py/gguf/tensor_mapping.py

@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@ class TensorNameMap:
             "tok_embeddings",                            # llama-pth
             "embeddings.word_embeddings",                # bert nomic-bert
             "embeddings.tok_embeddings",                 # modern-bert
-            "language_model.embedding.word_embeddings",  # persimmon
             "wte",                                       # gpt2
             "transformer.embd.wte",                      # phi2
             "model.tok_embeddings",                      # internlm2
@@ -32,7 +31,6 @@ class TensorNameMap:
             "rwkv.embeddings",                           # rwkv6
             "model.embeddings",                          # rwkv7
             "model.word_embeddings",                     # bailingmoe
-            "language_model.model.embed_tokens",         # llama4
             "encoder",                                   # neobert
             "model.transformer.wte",                     # llada
             "embed_tokens",                              # qwen3-embedding
@@ -94,7 +92,6 @@ class TensorNameMap:
             "norm",                                    # llama-pth
             "transformer.norm_f",                      # mpt dbrx
             "ln_f",                                    # refact bloom qwen gpt2
-            "language_model.encoder.final_layernorm",  # persimmon
             "model.final_layernorm",                   # persimmon
             "lm_head.ln",                              # phi2
             "model.norm_f",                            # mamba-qbert
@@ -158,6 +155,21 @@ class TensorNameMap:
         MODEL_TENSOR.V_ENC_MSFA_NORM: (
             "model.vision_tower.timm_model.msfa.norm", # gemma3n
         ),
+        MODEL_TENSOR.A_CTC_OUT: (
+            "encoder.out",
+        ),
+        MODEL_TENSOR.A_CTC_OUT_MID: (
+            "encoder.out_mid",
+        ),
+        MODEL_TENSOR.A_QF_PROJ_QUERY: (
+            "projector.query",
+        ),
+        MODEL_TENSOR.A_QF_PROJ_NORM: (
+            "projector.qformer.layernorm",
+        ),
+        MODEL_TENSOR.A_QF_PROJ_LINEAR: (
+            "projector.linear",
+        ),
     }
 
     block_mappings_cfg: dict[MODEL_TENSOR, tuple[str, ...]] = {
@@ -171,7 +183,6 @@ class TensorNameMap:
             "transformer.h.{bid}.ln_mlp",                           # falcon40b
             "model.layers.{bid}.input_layernorm",                   # llama-hf nemotron olmoe phimoe granite-hybrid
             "layers.{bid}.attention_norm",                          # llama-pth
-            "language_model.encoder.layers.{bid}.input_layernorm",  # persimmon
             "model.layers.{bid}.ln1",                               # yi
             "h.{bid}.ln_1",                                         # gpt2
             "transformer.h.{bid}.ln",                               # phi2
@@ -215,7 +226,6 @@ class TensorNameMap:
             "transformer.blocks.{bid}.norm_attn_norm.attn.Wqkv",                   # dbrx
             "transformer.h.{bid}.self_attention.query_key_value",                  # falcon
             "h.{bid}.self_attention.query_key_value",                              # bloom
-            "language_model.encoder.layers.{bid}.self_attention.query_key_value",  # persimmon
             "model.layers.{bid}.self_attn.query_key_value",                        # persimmon
             "model.layers.{bid}.attention.query_key_value",                        # bailingmoe2
             "h.{bid}.attn.c_attn",                                                 # gpt2
@@ -306,7 +316,6 @@ class TensorNameMap:
             "layers.{bid}.attn.Wo",                                         # modern-bert
             "transformer.layer.{bid}.attention.out_lin",                    # distillbert
             "transformer.h.{bid}.attn.out_proj",                            # gpt-j
-            "language_model.encoder.layers.{bid}.self_attention.dense",     # persimmon
             "model.layers.{bid}.self_attn.dense",                           # persimmon
             "model.layers.{bid}.attention.dense",                           # bailingmoe2
             "h.{bid}.attn.c_proj",                                          # gpt2
@@ -373,7 +382,6 @@ class TensorNameMap:
             "transformer.blocks.{bid}.norm_2",                               # mpt
             "model.layers.{bid}.post_attention_layernorm",                   # llama-hf nemotron olmoe phimoe
             "layers.{bid}.ffn_norm",                                         # llama-pth
-            "language_model.encoder.layers.{bid}.post_attention_layernorm",  # persimmon
             "model.layers.{bid}.ln2",                                        # yi
             "h.{bid}.ln_2",                                                  # gpt2
             "model.layers.{bid}.ffn_norm",                                   # internlm2
@@ -475,7 +483,6 @@ class TensorNameMap:
             "transformer.layer.{bid}.ffn.lin1",                       # distillbert
             "transformer.h.{bid}.mlp.fc_in",                          # gpt-j
             "transformer.h.{bid}.mlp.linear_3",                       # refact
-            "language_model.encoder.layers.{bid}.mlp.dense_h_to_4h",  # persimmon
             "model.layers.{bid}.mlp.dense_h_to_4h",                   # persimmon
             "transformer.h.{bid}.mlp.w1",                             # qwen
             "h.{bid}.mlp.c_fc",                                       # gpt2
@@ -608,7 +615,6 @@ class TensorNameMap:
             "layers.{bid}.mlp.Wo",                                    # modern-bert
             "transformer.layer.{bid}.ffn.lin2",                       # distillbert
             "transformer.h.{bid}.mlp.fc_out",                         # gpt-j
-            "language_model.encoder.layers.{bid}.mlp.dense_4h_to_h",  # persimmon
             "model.layers.{bid}.mlp.dense_4h_to_h",                   # persimmon
             "h.{bid}.mlp.c_proj",                                     # gpt2
             "transformer.h.{bid}.mlp.fc2",                            # phi2
@@ -663,7 +669,7 @@ class TensorNameMap:
         ),
 
         MODEL_TENSOR.ATTN_Q_NORM: (
-            "language_model.encoder.layers.{bid}.self_attention.q_layernorm",
+            "encoder.layers.{bid}.self_attention.q_layernorm",
             "model.layers.{bid}.self_attn.q_layernorm",                       # persimmon
             "model.layers.{bid}.self_attn.query_layernorm",                   # hunyuan
             "model.layers.{bid}.attention.query_layernorm",                   # bailingmoe2
@@ -679,7 +685,7 @@ class TensorNameMap:
         ),
 
         MODEL_TENSOR.ATTN_K_NORM: (
-            "language_model.encoder.layers.{bid}.self_attention.k_layernorm",
+            "encoder.layers.{bid}.self_attention.k_layernorm",
             "model.layers.{bid}.self_attn.k_layernorm",                       # persimmon
             "model.layers.{bid}.self_attn.key_layernorm",                     # hunyuan
             "model.layers.{bid}.attention.key_layernorm",                     # bailingmoe2
@@ -695,7 +701,7 @@ class TensorNameMap:
         ),
 
         MODEL_TENSOR.ROPE_FREQS: (
-            "language_model.encoder.layers.{bid}.self_attention.rotary_emb.inv_freq",  # persimmon
+            "encoder.layers.{bid}.self_attention.rotary_emb.inv_freq",  # persimmon
         ),
 
         MODEL_TENSOR.LAYER_OUT_NORM: (
@@ -1393,6 +1399,7 @@ class TensorNameMap:
 
         MODEL_TENSOR.V_ENC_EMBD_PATCH: (
             "vision_tower.vision_model.embeddings.patch_embedding",
+            "model.vision_tower.embeddings.patch_embedding", # minicpmv4_6
             "model.vision_tower.embeddings.patch_embeddings.projection", # Intern-S1
             "vpm.embeddings.patch_embedding",
             "model.vision_model.embeddings.patch_embedding", # SmolVLM
@@ -1418,6 +1425,7 @@ class TensorNameMap:
 
         MODEL_TENSOR.V_ENC_EMBD_POS: (
             "vision_tower.vision_model.embeddings.position_embedding",
+            "model.vision_tower.embeddings.position_embedding", # minicpmv4_6
             "model.vision_tower.embeddings.position_embeddings", # Intern-S1
             "vpm.embeddings.position_embedding",
             "model.vision_model.embeddings.position_embedding", # SmolVLM
@@ -1454,6 +1462,7 @@ class TensorNameMap:
 
         MODEL_TENSOR.V_ENC_ATTN_Q: (
             "vision_tower.vision_model.encoder.layers.{bid}.self_attn.q_proj",
+            "model.vision_tower.encoder.layers.{bid}.self_attn.q_proj", # minicpmv4_6
             "model.vision_tower.encoder.layer.{bid}.attention.q_proj", # Intern-S1
             "vpm.encoder.layers.{bid}.self_attn.q_proj",
             "model.vision_model.encoder.layers.{bid}.self_attn.q_proj", # SmolVLM
@@ -1477,6 +1486,7 @@ class TensorNameMap:
 
         MODEL_TENSOR.V_ENC_ATTN_K: (
             "vision_tower.vision_model.encoder.layers.{bid}.self_attn.k_proj",
+            "model.vision_tower.encoder.layers.{bid}.self_attn.k_proj", # minicpmv4_6
             "model.vision_tower.encoder.layer.{bid}.attention.k_proj", # Intern-S1
             "vpm.encoder.layers.{bid}.self_attn.k_proj",
             "model.vision_model.encoder.layers.{bid}.self_attn.k_proj", # SmolVLM
@@ -1500,6 +1510,7 @@ class TensorNameMap:
 
         MODEL_TENSOR.V_ENC_ATTN_V: (
             "vision_tower.vision_model.encoder.layers.{bid}.self_attn.v_proj",
+            "model.vision_tower.encoder.layers.{bid}.self_attn.v_proj", # minicpmv4_6
             "model.vision_tower.encoder.layer.{bid}.attention.v_proj", # Intern-S1
             "vpm.encoder.layers.{bid}.self_attn.v_proj",
             "model.vision_model.encoder.layers.{bid}.self_attn.v_proj", # SmolVLM
@@ -1516,6 +1527,7 @@ class TensorNameMap:
 
         MODEL_TENSOR.V_ENC_INPUT_NORM: (
             "vision_tower.vision_model.encoder.layers.{bid}.layer_norm1",
+            "model.vision_tower.encoder.layers.{bid}.layer_norm1", # minicpmv4_6
             "vision_tower.vision_model.encoder.layers.{bid}.norm1", # InternVL
             "model.vision_tower.encoder.layer.{bid}.layernorm_before", # Intern-S1
             "vpm.encoder.layers.{bid}.layer_norm1",
@@ -1536,6 +1548,7 @@ class TensorNameMap:
 
         MODEL_TENSOR.V_ENC_ATTN_O: (
             "vision_tower.vision_model.encoder.layers.{bid}.self_attn.out_proj",
+            "model.vision_tower.encoder.layers.{bid}.self_attn.out_proj", # minicpmv4_6
             "vision_tower.vision_model.encoder.layers.{bid}.attn.proj", # InternVL
             "model.vision_tower.encoder.layer.{bid}.attention.projection_layer", # Intern-S1
             "vpm.encoder.layers.{bid}.self_attn.out_proj",
@@ -1558,6 +1571,7 @@ class TensorNameMap:
 
         MODEL_TENSOR.V_ENC_POST_ATTN_NORM: (
             "vision_tower.vision_model.encoder.layers.{bid}.layer_norm2",
+            "model.vision_tower.encoder.layers.{bid}.layer_norm2", # minicpmv4_6
             "vision_tower.vision_model.encoder.layers.{bid}.norm2", # InternVL
             "model.vision_tower.encoder.layer.{bid}.layernorm_after", # Intern-S1
             "vpm.encoder.layers.{bid}.layer_norm2",
@@ -1579,6 +1593,7 @@ class TensorNameMap:
 
         MODEL_TENSOR.V_ENC_FFN_UP: (
             "vision_tower.vision_model.encoder.layers.{bid}.mlp.fc1",
+            "model.vision_tower.encoder.layers.{bid}.mlp.fc1", # minicpmv4_6
             "model.vision_tower.encoder.layer.{bid}.mlp.fc1", # Intern-S1
             "vpm.encoder.layers.{bid}.mlp.fc1",
             "model.vision_model.encoder.layers.{bid}.mlp.fc1", # SmolVLM, gemma3
@@ -1607,6 +1622,7 @@ class TensorNameMap:
 
         MODEL_TENSOR.V_ENC_FFN_DOWN: (
             "vision_tower.vision_model.encoder.layers.{bid}.mlp.fc2",
+            "model.vision_tower.encoder.layers.{bid}.mlp.fc2", # minicpmv4_6
             "model.vision_tower.encoder.layer.{bid}.mlp.fc2", # Intern-S1
             "vpm.encoder.layers.{bid}.mlp.fc2",
             "model.vision_model.encoder.layers.{bid}.mlp.fc2", # SmolVLM, gemma3
@@ -1662,6 +1678,7 @@ class TensorNameMap:
 
         MODEL_TENSOR.V_POST_NORM: (
             "vision_tower.vision_model.post_layernorm",
+            "model.vision_tower.post_layernorm", # minicpmv4_6
             "model.vision_model.post_layernorm", # SmolVLM
             "vision_model.layernorm_post", # llama4
             "visual.merger.ln_q", # qwen2vl
@@ -1690,6 +1707,7 @@ class TensorNameMap:
             "mlp_AR.pre_norm", # PaddleOCR-VL
             "merger.ln_q",
             "vision_tower.merger.ln_q", # dots.ocr
+            "model.merger.mlp.0.pre_norm", # minicpmv4_6
         ),
 
         MODEL_TENSOR.V_MM_SOFT_EMB_NORM: (
@@ -1763,6 +1781,38 @@ class TensorNameMap:
             "model.visual.deepstack_merger_list.{bid}.linear_fc2", # deepstack in qwen3vl
         ),
 
+        MODEL_TENSOR.V_MERGER_LN1: (
+            "model.vision_tower.vit_merger.layer_norm1", # minicpmv4_6
+        ),
+
+        MODEL_TENSOR.V_MERGER_ATTN_Q: (
+            "model.vision_tower.vit_merger.self_attn.q_proj", # minicpmv4_6
+        ),
+
+        MODEL_TENSOR.V_MERGER_ATTN_K: (
+            "model.vision_tower.vit_merger.self_attn.k_proj", # minicpmv4_6
+        ),
+
+        MODEL_TENSOR.V_MERGER_ATTN_V: (
+            "model.vision_tower.vit_merger.self_attn.v_proj", # minicpmv4_6
+        ),
+
+        MODEL_TENSOR.V_MERGER_ATTN_O: (
+            "model.vision_tower.vit_merger.self_attn.out_proj", # minicpmv4_6
+        ),
+
+        MODEL_TENSOR.V_MERGER_DS_LN: (
+            "model.vision_tower.vit_merger.pre_norm", # minicpmv4_6
+        ),
+
+        MODEL_TENSOR.V_MERGER_DS_UP: (
+            "model.vision_tower.vit_merger.linear_1", # minicpmv4_6
+        ),
+
+        MODEL_TENSOR.V_MERGER_DS_DOWN: (
+            "model.vision_tower.vit_merger.linear_2", # minicpmv4_6
+        ),
+
         MODEL_TENSOR.V_SAM_POS_EMBD: (
             "model.sam_model.pos_embed",
         ),
@@ -1822,11 +1872,13 @@ class TensorNameMap:
         MODEL_TENSOR.V_MM_UP: (
             "model.vision.linear_proj.dense_h_to_4h", # cogvlm
             "visual.merger.up_proj", # glm4v
+            "model.merger.mlp.0.linear_1", # minicpmv4_6
         ),
 
         MODEL_TENSOR.V_MM_DOWN: (
             "model.vision.linear_proj.dense_4h_to_h", # cogvlm
             "visual.merger.down_proj", # glm4v
+            "model.merger.mlp.0.linear_2", # minicpmv4_6
         ),
 
         MODEL_TENSOR.V_MM_GATE: (
@@ -1890,6 +1942,7 @@ class TensorNameMap:
 
         MODEL_TENSOR.A_ENC_INP_PROJ: (
             "conformer.subsample_conv_projection.input_proj_linear", # gemma4
+            "encoder.input_linear",
         ),
 
         MODEL_TENSOR.A_ENC_CONV2D: (
@@ -1912,6 +1965,7 @@ class TensorNameMap:
             "conformer.layers.{bid}.self_attn.linear_q", # lfm2
             "conformer.layers.{bid}.attention.attn.q_proj", # gemma3n
             "conformer.layers.{bid}.self_attn.q_proj", # gemma4
+            "encoder.layers.{bid}.attn.to_q", # granite_speech
         ),
 
         MODEL_TENSOR.A_ENC_ATTN_K: (
@@ -1919,6 +1973,7 @@ class TensorNameMap:
             "conformer.layers.{bid}.self_attn.linear_k", # lfm2
             "conformer.layers.{bid}.attention.attn.k_proj", # gemma3n
             "conformer.layers.{bid}.self_attn.k_proj", # gemma4
+            "encoder.layers.{bid}.attn.to_k", # granite_speech (split from to_kv)
         ),
 
         MODEL_TENSOR.A_ENC_ATTN_V: (
@@ -1926,6 +1981,7 @@ class TensorNameMap:
             "conformer.layers.{bid}.self_attn.linear_v", # lfm2
             "conformer.layers.{bid}.attention.attn.v_proj", # gemma3n
             "conformer.layers.{bid}.self_attn.v_proj", # gemma4
+            "encoder.layers.{bid}.attn.to_v", # granite_speech (split from to_kv)
         ),
 
         MODEL_TENSOR.A_ENC_ATTN_K_REL: (
@@ -1953,6 +2009,7 @@ class TensorNameMap:
             "audio_tower.layers.{bid}.self_attn_layer_norm", # ultravox
             "conformer.layers.{bid}.norm_self_att", # lfm2
             "conformer.layers.{bid}.attention.pre_attn_norm", # gemma3n
+            "encoder.layers.{bid}.attn.pre_norm", # granite_speech
         ),
 
         MODEL_TENSOR.A_ENC_OUTPUT: (
@@ -1960,18 +2017,21 @@ class TensorNameMap:
             "conformer.layers.{bid}.self_attn.linear_out", # lfm2
             "conformer.layers.{bid}.attention.post", # gemma3n
             "conformer.layers.{bid}.self_attn.post", # gemma4
+            "encoder.layers.{bid}.attn.to_out", # granite_speech
         ),
 
         MODEL_TENSOR.A_ENC_OUTPUT_NORM: (
             "audio_tower.layers.{bid}.final_layer_norm", # ultravox
             "conformer.layers.{bid}.norm_out", # lfm2
             "conformer.layers.{bid}.attention.post_norm", # gemma3n
+            "encoder.layers.{bid}.post_norm", # granite_speech
         ),
 
         MODEL_TENSOR.A_ENC_FFN_NORM: (
             "conformer.layers.{bid}.norm_feed_forward1", # lfm2
             "conformer.layers.{bid}.ffw_layer_start.pre_layer_norm", # gemma3n
             "conformer.layers.{bid}.feed_forward1.pre_layer_norm", # gemma4
+            "encoder.layers.{bid}.ff1.pre_norm", # granite_speech
         ),
 
         MODEL_TENSOR.A_ENC_FFN_POST_NORM: (
@@ -1988,6 +2048,7 @@ class TensorNameMap:
             "conformer.layers.{bid}.feed_forward1.linear1", # lfm2
             "conformer.layers.{bid}.ffw_layer_start.ffw_layer_1", # gemma3n
             "conformer.layers.{bid}.feed_forward1.ffw_layer_1", # gemma4
+            "encoder.layers.{bid}.ff1.up_proj", # granite_speech
         ),
 
         MODEL_TENSOR.A_ENC_FFN_GATE: (),
@@ -1997,24 +2058,28 @@ class TensorNameMap:
             "conformer.layers.{bid}.feed_forward1.linear2", # lfm2
             "conformer.layers.{bid}.ffw_layer_start.ffw_layer_2", # gemma3n
             "conformer.layers.{bid}.feed_forward1.ffw_layer_2", # gemma4
+            "encoder.layers.{bid}.ff1.down_proj", # granite_speech
         ),
 
         MODEL_TENSOR.A_ENC_FFN_UP_1: (
             "conformer.layers.{bid}.feed_forward2.linear1", # lfm2
             "conformer.layers.{bid}.ffw_layer_end.ffw_layer_1", # gemma3n
             "conformer.layers.{bid}.feed_forward2.ffw_layer_1", # gemma4
+            "encoder.layers.{bid}.ff2.up_proj", # granite_speech
         ),
 
         MODEL_TENSOR.A_ENC_FFN_DOWN_1: (
             "conformer.layers.{bid}.feed_forward2.linear2", # lfm2
             "conformer.layers.{bid}.ffw_layer_end.ffw_layer_2", # gemma3n
             "conformer.layers.{bid}.feed_forward2.ffw_layer_2", # gemma4
+            "encoder.layers.{bid}.ff2.down_proj", # granite_speech
         ),
 
         MODEL_TENSOR.A_ENC_FFN_NORM_1: (
             "conformer.layers.{bid}.norm_feed_forward2", # lfm2
             "conformer.layers.{bid}.ffw_layer_end.pre_layer_norm", # gemma3n
             "conformer.layers.{bid}.feed_forward2.pre_layer_norm", # gemma4
+            "encoder.layers.{bid}.ff2.pre_norm", # granite_speech
         ),
 
         MODEL_TENSOR.A_ENC_FFN_POST_NORM_1: (
@@ -2071,26 +2136,31 @@ class TensorNameMap:
         MODEL_TENSOR.A_ENC_CONV_DW: (
             "conformer.layers.{bid}.conv.depthwise_conv", # lfm2
             "conformer.layers.{bid}.lconv1d.depthwise_conv1d", # gemma3n
+            "encoder.layers.{bid}.conv.depth_conv.conv", # granite_speech
         ),
 
         MODEL_TENSOR.A_ENC_CONV_NORM: (
             "conformer.layers.{bid}.conv.batch_norm", # lfm2
             "conformer.layers.{bid}.lconv1d.pre_layer_norm", # gemma3n
+            "encoder.layers.{bid}.conv.batch_norm", # granite_speech
         ),
 
         MODEL_TENSOR.A_ENC_CONV_PW1: (
             "conformer.layers.{bid}.conv.pointwise_conv1", # lfm2
             "conformer.layers.{bid}.lconv1d.linear_start", # gemma3n
+            "encoder.layers.{bid}.conv.up_conv", # granite_speech
         ),
 
         MODEL_TENSOR.A_ENC_CONV_PW2: (
             "conformer.layers.{bid}.conv.pointwise_conv2", # lfm2
             "conformer.layers.{bid}.lconv1d.linear_end", # gemma3n
+            "encoder.layers.{bid}.conv.down_conv", # granite_speech
         ),
 
         MODEL_TENSOR.A_ENC_NORM_CONV: (
             "conformer.layers.{bid}.norm_conv", # lfm2
             "conformer.layers.{bid}.lconv1d.conv_norm", # gemma3n
+            "encoder.layers.{bid}.conv.norm", # granite_speech
         ),
 
         MODEL_TENSOR.A_PER_DIM_K_SCALE: (
@@ -2114,6 +2184,62 @@ class TensorNameMap:
             "model.embed_audio.soft_embedding_norm", # gemma3n
         ),
 
+        MODEL_TENSOR.A_ENC_ATTN_REL_POS_EMB: (
+            "encoder.layers.{bid}.attn.rel_pos_emb.weight",
+        ),
+
+        MODEL_TENSOR.A_QF_SELF_ATTN_Q: (
+            "projector.qformer.encoder.layer.{bid}.attention.attention.query",
+        ),
+
+        MODEL_TENSOR.A_QF_SELF_ATTN_K: (
+            "projector.qformer.encoder.layer.{bid}.attention.attention.key",
+        ),
+
+        MODEL_TENSOR.A_QF_SELF_ATTN_V: (
+            "projector.qformer.encoder.layer.{bid}.attention.attention.value",
+        ),
+
+        MODEL_TENSOR.A_QF_SELF_ATTN_O: (
+            "projector.qformer.encoder.layer.{bid}.attention.output.dense",
+        ),
+
+        MODEL_TENSOR.A_QF_SELF_ATTN_NORM: (
+            "projector.qformer.encoder.layer.{bid}.attention.output.LayerNorm",
+        ),
+
+        MODEL_TENSOR.A_QF_CROSS_ATTN_Q: (
+            "projector.qformer.encoder.layer.{bid}.crossattention.attention.query",
+        ),
+
+        MODEL_TENSOR.A_QF_CROSS_ATTN_K: (
+            "projector.qformer.encoder.layer.{bid}.crossattention.attention.key",
+        ),
+
+        MODEL_TENSOR.A_QF_CROSS_ATTN_V: (
+            "projector.qformer.encoder.layer.{bid}.crossattention.attention.value",
+        ),
+
+        MODEL_TENSOR.A_QF_CROSS_ATTN_O: (
+            "projector.qformer.encoder.layer.{bid}.crossattention.output.dense",
+        ),
+
+        MODEL_TENSOR.A_QF_CROSS_ATTN_NORM: (
+            "projector.qformer.encoder.layer.{bid}.crossattention.output.LayerNorm",
+        ),
+
+        MODEL_TENSOR.A_QF_FFN_UP: (
+            "projector.qformer.encoder.layer.{bid}.intermediate_query.dense",
+        ),
+
+        MODEL_TENSOR.A_QF_FFN_DOWN: (
+            "projector.qformer.encoder.layer.{bid}.output_query.dense",
+        ),
+
+        MODEL_TENSOR.A_QF_FFN_NORM: (
+            "projector.qformer.encoder.layer.{bid}.output_query.LayerNorm",
+        ),
+
         # NextN/MTP tensors
         MODEL_TENSOR.NEXTN_EH_PROJ: (
             "model.layers.{bid}.eh_proj",

gguf-py/pyproject.toml

@@ -1,44 +1,45 @@
-[tool.poetry]
+[project]
 name = "gguf"
-version = "0.18.0"
+version = "0.19.0"
 description = "Read and write ML models in GGUF for GGML"
-authors = ["GGML <ggml@ggml.ai>"]
-packages = [
-    {include = "gguf"},
-    {include = "gguf/py.typed"},
-]
-readme = "README.md"
-homepage = "https://ggml.ai"
-repository = "https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp"
 keywords = ["ggml", "gguf", "llama.cpp"]
+dynamic = ["classifiers"]
+readme = "README.md"
+authors = [{name = "GGML", email = "ggml@ggml.ai"}]
+requires-python = '>=3.10'
+dependencies = ['numpy (>=1.17)', 'tqdm (>=4.27)', 'pyyaml (>=5.1)', 'requests (>=2.25)']
 classifiers = [
     "Programming Language :: Python :: 3",
     "License :: OSI Approved :: MIT License",
     "Operating System :: OS Independent",
 ]
 
-[tool.poetry.dependencies]
-python = ">=3.8"
-numpy = ">=1.17"
-tqdm = ">=4.27"
-pyyaml = ">=5.1"
-requests = ">=2.25"
-sentencepiece = { version = ">=0.1.98,<0.3.0", optional = true }
-PySide6 = { version = "^6.9", python = ">=3.9,<3.14", optional = true }
+[project.urls]
+homepage = "https://ggml.ai"
+repository = "https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp"
 
-[tool.poetry.dev-dependencies]
-pytest = "^5.2"
-
-[tool.poetry.extras]
-gui = ["PySide6"]
-
-[build-system]
-requires = ["poetry-core>=1.0.0"]
-build-backend = "poetry.core.masonry.api"
-
-[tool.poetry.scripts]
+[project.scripts]
 gguf-convert-endian = "gguf.scripts.gguf_convert_endian:main"
 gguf-dump = "gguf.scripts.gguf_dump:main"
 gguf-set-metadata = "gguf.scripts.gguf_set_metadata:main"
 gguf-new-metadata = "gguf.scripts.gguf_new_metadata:main"
 gguf-editor-gui = "gguf.scripts.gguf_editor_gui:main"
+
+[project.optional-dependencies]
+gui = ['PySide6 (>=6.9,<7.0) ; python_version >= "3.9" and python_version < "3.14"']
+
+[tool.poetry]
+packages = [
+    {include = "gguf"},
+    {include = "gguf/py.typed"},
+]
+
+[tool.poetry.dependencies]
+python = ">=3.10"
+
+[tool.poetry.dev-dependencies]
+pytest = "^5.2"
+
+[build-system]
+requires = ["poetry-core>=1.0.0"]
+build-backend = "poetry.core.masonry.api"

include/llama.h

@@ -864,6 +864,9 @@ extern "C" {
 // work only with partial states, such as SWA KV cache or recurrent cache (e.g. Mamba)
 #define LLAMA_STATE_SEQ_FLAGS_PARTIAL_ONLY 1
 
+// keeps the tensor data on device buffers (i.e. not accessible in host memory, but faster save/load)
+#define LLAMA_STATE_SEQ_FLAGS_ON_DEVICE 2
+
     typedef uint32_t llama_state_seq_flags;
 
     LLAMA_API size_t llama_state_seq_get_size_ext(

pyproject.toml

@@ -1,32 +1,49 @@
-[tool.poetry]
+[project]
 name = "llama-cpp-scripts"
-version = "0.0.0"
 description = "Scripts that ship with llama.cpp"
-authors = ["GGML <ggml@ggml.ai>"]
-readme = "README.md"
-homepage = "https://ggml.ai"
-repository = "https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp"
 keywords = ["ggml", "gguf", "llama.cpp"]
-packages = [{ include = "*.py", from = "." }]
+version = "0.0.0"
+dynamic = ["classifiers"]
+readme = "README.md"
+authors = [{name = "GGML", email = "ggml@ggml.ai"}]
+requires-python = '>=3.10'
+dependencies = [
+    'numpy (>=1.25.0,<2.0.0)',
+    'sentencepiece (>=0.1.98,<0.3.0)',
+    'transformers (==5.5.1)',
+    'protobuf (>=4.21.0)',
+    'torch (>=2.2.0,<3.0.0)',
+    'gguf @ ./gguf-py',
+]
 classifiers = [
     "Programming Language :: Python :: 3",
     "License :: OSI Approved :: MIT License",
     "Operating System :: OS Independent",
 ]
 
+[project.urls]
+homepage = "https://ggml.ai"
+repository = "https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp"
+
+[project.scripts]
+llama-convert-hf-to-gguf = "convert_hf_to_gguf:main"
+llama-convert-lora-to-gguf = "convert_lora_to_gguf:main"
+llama-convert-llama-ggml-to-gguf = "convert_llama_ggml_to_gguf:main"
+llama-ggml-vk-generate-shaders = "ggml_vk_generate_shaders:main"
+
+[tool.poetry]
+packages = [{ include = "*.py", from = "." }]
+
 [tool.poetry.dependencies]
-python = ">=3.9"
-numpy = "^1.25.0"
-sentencepiece = ">=0.1.98,<0.3.0"
-transformers = "==5.5.1"
-protobuf = ">=4.21.0,<5.0.0"
-gguf = { path = "./gguf-py" }
-torch = { version = "^2.2.0", source = "pytorch" }
+torch = [
+    { version = "~=2.6.0", source = "pypi", markers = "sys_platform == 'darwin'" },
+    { version = "~=2.6.0+cpu", source = "pytorch", markers = "sys_platform == 'linux'" },
+    { version = "~=2.6.0", source = "pypi", markers = "sys_platform == 'win32'" }
+]
 
-[tool.poetry.dev-dependencies]
+[tool.poetry.group.dev.dependencies]
 pytest = "^5.2"
 
-
 # Force wheel + cpu
 # For discussion and context see https://github.com/python-poetry/poetry#6409
 [[tool.poetry.source]]
@@ -34,12 +51,14 @@ name = "pytorch"
 url = "https://download.pytorch.org/whl/cpu"
 priority = "explicit"
 
+[tool.uv.sources]
+torch = { index = "pytorch" }
+
+[[tool.uv.index]]
+name = "pytorch"
+url = "https://download.pytorch.org/whl/cpu"
+explicit = true
+
 [build-system]
 requires = ["poetry-core>=1.0.0"]
 build-backend = "poetry.core.masonry.api"
-
-[tool.poetry.scripts]
-llama-convert-hf-to-gguf = "convert_hf_to_gguf:main"
-llama-convert-lora-to-gguf = "convert_lora_to_gguf:main"
-llama-convert-llama-ggml-to-gguf = "convert_llama_ggml_to_gguf:main"
-llama-ggml-vk-generate-shaders = "ggml_vk_generate_shaders:main"

scripts/sync-ggml.last

@@ -1 +1 @@
-19eac6f0edaf285506eb6228d31bb9caeda9aba1
+ac6f7b44f60fde0091f0b3d99afde48f8c99b13a

scripts/sync_vendor.py

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import os
 import sys
 import subprocess
 
-HTTPLIB_VERSION = "refs/tags/v0.43.2"
+HTTPLIB_VERSION = "refs/tags/v0.43.3"
 
 vendor = {
     "https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/latest/download/json.hpp":     "vendor/nlohmann/json.hpp",

src/llama-arch.cpp

@@ -232,6 +232,7 @@ static const std::map<llm_kv, const char *> LLM_KV_NAMES = {
     { LLM_KV_ATTENTION_SLIDING_WINDOW_PATTERN,       "%s.attention.sliding_window_pattern"       },
     { LLM_KV_ATTENTION_SCALE,                        "%s.attention.scale"                        },
     { LLM_KV_ATTENTION_OUTPUT_SCALE,                 "%s.attention.output_scale"                 },
+    { LLM_KV_ATTENTION_VALUE_SCALE,                  "%s.attention.value_scale"                  },
     { LLM_KV_ATTENTION_TEMPERATURE_LENGTH,           "%s.attention.temperature_length"           },
     { LLM_KV_ATTENTION_TEMPERATURE_SCALE,            "%s.attention.temperature_scale"            },
     { LLM_KV_ATTENTION_KEY_LENGTH_MLA,               "%s.attention.key_length_mla"               },

src/llama-arch.h

@@ -236,6 +236,7 @@ enum llm_kv {
     LLM_KV_ATTENTION_SLIDING_WINDOW_PATTERN,
     LLM_KV_ATTENTION_SCALE,
     LLM_KV_ATTENTION_OUTPUT_SCALE,
+    LLM_KV_ATTENTION_VALUE_SCALE,
     LLM_KV_ATTENTION_TEMPERATURE_LENGTH,
     LLM_KV_ATTENTION_TEMPERATURE_SCALE,
     LLM_KV_ATTENTION_KEY_LENGTH_MLA,

src/llama-context.cpp

@@ -2230,13 +2230,17 @@ llm_graph_cb llama_context::graph_get_cb() const {
 
 class llama_io_write_dummy : public llama_io_write_i {
 public:
-    llama_io_write_dummy() = default;
+    llama_io_write_dummy(bool skip_tensors) : skip_tensors(skip_tensors) {}
 
     void write(const void * /* src */, size_t size) override {
         size_written += size;
     }
 
-    void write_tensor(const ggml_tensor * /* tensor */, size_t /* offset */, size_t size) override {
+    void write_tensor(ggml_tensor * /* tensor */, size_t /* offset */, size_t size) override {
+        if (skip_tensors) {
+            return;
+        }
+
         size_written += size;
     }
 
@@ -2245,34 +2249,21 @@ public:
     }
 
 private:
+    const bool skip_tensors;
+
     size_t size_written = 0;
 };
 
-class llama_io_write_buffer : public llama_io_write_i {
+class llama_io_write_host : public llama_io_write_i {
 public:
-    llama_io_write_buffer(
+    llama_io_write_host(
             uint8_t * p, size_t len) : ptr(p), buf_size(len) {}
 
-    ~llama_io_write_buffer() {
-#if 1
+    ~llama_io_write_host() {
         // TODO: add backend support to batch tensor_get? or some other way to speed this up
-        for (const auto & info : winfos) {
-            ggml_backend_tensor_get(info.tensor, info.ptr, info.offset, info.size);
+        for (const auto & winfo : winfos) {
+            ggml_backend_tensor_get(winfo.tensor, winfo.ptr, winfo.offset, winfo.size);
         }
-#else
-        // flush the writes asynchronously
-        // this helps on Macs, but on other devices - it does not. just an example
-        std::vector<std::future<void>> futures;
-        futures.reserve(winfos.size());
-        for (const auto & info : winfos) {
-            futures.push_back(std::async(std::launch::async, [info]() {
-                ggml_backend_tensor_get(info.tensor, info.ptr, info.offset, info.size);
-            }));
-        }
-        for (auto & f : futures) {
-            f.wait();
-        }
-#endif
     }
 
     void write(const void * src, size_t size) override {
@@ -2285,7 +2276,7 @@ public:
         buf_size -= size;
     }
 
-    void write_tensor(const ggml_tensor * tensor, size_t offset, size_t size) override {
+    void write_tensor(ggml_tensor * tensor, size_t offset, size_t size) override {
         if (size > buf_size) {
             throw std::runtime_error("unexpectedly reached end of buffer");
         }
@@ -2308,7 +2299,7 @@ private:
     size_t size_written = 0;
 
     struct write_info {
-        const ggml_tensor * tensor;
+        ggml_tensor * tensor;
         uint8_t * ptr;
         size_t size;
         size_t offset;
@@ -2316,14 +2307,14 @@ private:
     std::vector<write_info> winfos;
 };
 
-class llama_io_read_buffer : public llama_io_read_i {
+class llama_io_read_host : public llama_io_read_i {
 public:
-    llama_io_read_buffer(const uint8_t * p, size_t len) : ptr(p), buf_size(len) {}
+    llama_io_read_host(const uint8_t * p, size_t len) : ptr(p), buf_size(len) {}
 
-    ~llama_io_read_buffer() {
+    ~llama_io_read_host() {
         // flush the reads
-        for (const auto & info : rinfos) {
-            ggml_backend_tensor_set(info.tensor, info.ptr, info.offset, info.size);
+        for (const auto & rinfo : rinfos) {
+            ggml_backend_tensor_set(rinfo.tensor, rinfo.ptr, rinfo.offset, rinfo.size);
         }
     }
 
@@ -2377,7 +2368,7 @@ public:
         size_written += size;
     }
 
-    void write_tensor(const ggml_tensor * tensor, size_t offset, size_t size) override {
+    void write_tensor(ggml_tensor * tensor, size_t offset, size_t size) override {
         temp_buffer.resize(size);
         ggml_backend_tensor_get(tensor, temp_buffer.data(), offset, size);
         write(temp_buffer.data(), temp_buffer.size());
@@ -2418,8 +2409,212 @@ private:
     std::vector<uint8_t> temp_buffer;
 };
 
+class llama_io_write_device : public llama_io_write_i {
+public:
+    llama_io_write_device(uint8_t * p, size_t len, llama_memory_buffers & mbufs) : ptr(p), buf_size(len), mbufs(mbufs)  {
+    }
+
+    ~llama_io_write_device() {
+        llama_memory_buffers mbufs_new;
+
+        for (const auto & winfo : winfos) {
+            auto * buft = ggml_backend_buffer_get_type(winfo.tensor->buffer);
+
+            mbufs_new[buft].n_tensors++;
+            mbufs_new[buft].total_size += winfo.size;
+        }
+
+        for (auto & [buft, mbuf] : mbufs_new) {
+            ggml_init_params params = {
+                /*.mem_size   =*/ 2*mbuf.n_tensors*ggml_tensor_overhead(),
+                /*.mem_buffer =*/ NULL,
+                /*.no_alloc   =*/ true,
+            };
+
+            mbuf.ctx.reset(ggml_init(params));
+
+            mbuf.org.reserve(mbuf.n_tensors);
+            mbuf.cpy.reserve(mbuf.n_tensors);
+        }
+
+        for (const auto & winfo : winfos) {
+            auto * buft = ggml_backend_buffer_get_type(winfo.tensor->buffer);
+
+            const int64_t n = winfo.size/ggml_element_size(winfo.tensor);
+
+            auto & mbuf = mbufs_new[buft];
+
+            mbuf.org.push_back(ggml_view_1d      (mbuf.ctx.get(), winfo.tensor, n, winfo.offset));
+            mbuf.cpy.push_back(ggml_new_tensor_1d(mbuf.ctx.get(), winfo.tensor->type, n));
+        }
+
+        for (auto & [buft, mbuf] : mbufs_new) {
+            auto & mbuf_cur = mbufs[buft];
+
+            bool need_alloc = false;
+
+            need_alloc = need_alloc || (!mbuf_cur.buf);
+            need_alloc = need_alloc || (mbuf_cur.org.size() != mbuf.org.size());
+            need_alloc = need_alloc || (mbuf_cur.total_size != mbuf.total_size);
+
+            if (!need_alloc) {
+                for (size_t i = 0; i < mbuf_cur.org.size(); ++i) {
+                    auto * org0 = mbuf_cur.org[i];
+                    auto * org1 = mbuf.org[i];
+
+                    if (!ggml_are_same_shape(org0, org1)) {
+                        need_alloc = true;
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                    if (org0->view_src != org1->view_src || org0->view_offs != org1->view_offs) {
+                        need_alloc = true;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (need_alloc) {
+                mbuf_cur = std::move(mbuf);
+
+                mbuf_cur.buf.reset(ggml_backend_alloc_ctx_tensors_from_buft(mbuf_cur.ctx.get(), buft));
+
+                LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: allocated '%s' buffer %.3f MiB\n", __func__, ggml_backend_buft_name(buft), mbuf.total_size/1024.0/1024.0);
+            }
+
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < mbuf_cur.org.size(); ++i) {
+                ggml_backend_tensor_copy(mbuf_cur.org[i], mbuf_cur.cpy[i]);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    void write(const void * src, size_t size) override {
+        if (size > buf_size) {
+            throw std::runtime_error("unexpectedly reached end of buffer");
+        }
+        memcpy(ptr, src, size);
+        ptr += size;
+        size_written += size;
+        buf_size -= size;
+    }
+
+    void write_tensor(ggml_tensor * tensor, size_t offset, size_t size) override {
+        // save the write for later during destruction
+        winfos.push_back({tensor, ptr, size, offset});
+    }
+
+    size_t n_bytes() override {
+        return size_written;
+    }
+
+private:
+    uint8_t * ptr;
+    size_t buf_size = 0;
+    size_t size_written = 0;
+
+    struct write_info {
+        ggml_tensor * tensor;
+        uint8_t * ptr;
+        size_t size;
+        size_t offset;
+    };
+    std::vector<write_info> winfos;
+
+    llama_memory_buffers & mbufs;
+};
+
+class llama_io_read_device : public llama_io_read_i {
+public:
+    llama_io_read_device(const uint8_t * p, size_t len, const llama_memory_buffers & mbufs) : ptr(p), buf_size(len), mbufs(mbufs) {
+    }
+
+    ~llama_io_read_device() {
+        llama_memory_buffers mbufs_new;
+
+        for (const auto & rinfo : rinfos) {
+            auto * buft = ggml_backend_buffer_get_type(rinfo.tensor->buffer);
+
+            mbufs_new[buft].n_tensors++;
+            mbufs_new[buft].total_size += rinfo.size;
+        }
+
+        for (auto & [buft, mbuf] : mbufs_new) {
+            ggml_init_params params = {
+                /*.mem_size   =*/ mbuf.n_tensors*ggml_tensor_overhead(),
+                /*.mem_buffer =*/ NULL,
+                /*.no_alloc   =*/ true,
+            };
+
+            mbuf.ctx.reset(ggml_init(params));
+
+            mbuf.org.reserve(mbuf.n_tensors);
+        }
+
+        for (const auto & rinfo : rinfos) {
+            auto * buft = ggml_backend_buffer_get_type(rinfo.tensor->buffer);
+
+            const int64_t n = rinfo.size/ggml_element_size(rinfo.tensor);
+
+            auto & mbuf = mbufs_new[buft];
+
+            mbuf.org.push_back(ggml_view_1d(mbuf.ctx.get(), rinfo.tensor, n, rinfo.offset));
+
+            auto & view = mbuf.org.back();
+            view->buffer = rinfo.tensor->buffer;
+        }
+
+        for (auto & [buft, mbuf] : mbufs_new) {
+            const auto & mbuf_cur = mbufs.at(buft);
+
+            if (!mbuf_cur.buf || mbuf_cur.n_tensors != mbuf.n_tensors || mbuf_cur.total_size != mbuf.total_size) {
+                GGML_ABORT("%s: memory buffer mismatch\n", __func__);
+            }
+
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < mbuf_cur.org.size(); ++i) {
+                ggml_backend_tensor_copy(mbuf_cur.cpy[i], mbuf.org[i]);
+            }
+        }
+
+        GGML_ASSERT(buf_size == 0);
+    }
+
+    void read(void * dst, size_t size) override {
+        if (size > buf_size) {
+            throw std::runtime_error("unexpectedly reached end of buffer");
+        }
+        memcpy(dst, ptr, size);
+        ptr += size;
+        size_read += size;
+        buf_size -= size;
+    }
+
+    void read_tensor(ggml_tensor * tensor, size_t offset, size_t size) override {
+        // save for later during destruction
+        rinfos.push_back({tensor, ptr, size, offset});
+    }
+
+    size_t n_bytes() override {
+        return size_read;
+    }
+
+private:
+    const uint8_t * ptr;
+    size_t buf_size = 0;
+    size_t size_read = 0;
+
+    struct read_info {
+        ggml_tensor * tensor;
+        const uint8_t * ptr;
+        size_t size;
+        size_t offset;
+    };
+    std::vector<read_info> rinfos;
+
+    const llama_memory_buffers & mbufs;
+};
+
 size_t llama_context::state_get_size() {
-    llama_io_write_dummy io;
+    llama_io_write_dummy io(false);
     try {
         return state_write_data(io);
     } catch (const std::exception & err) {
@@ -2429,7 +2624,7 @@ size_t llama_context::state_get_size() {
 }
 
 size_t llama_context::state_get_data(uint8_t * dst, size_t size) {
-    llama_io_write_buffer io(dst, size);
+    llama_io_write_host io(dst, size);
     try {
         return state_write_data(io);
     } catch (const std::exception & err) {
@@ -2439,7 +2634,7 @@ size_t llama_context::state_get_data(uint8_t * dst, size_t size) {
 }
 
 size_t llama_context::state_set_data(const uint8_t * src, size_t size) {
-    llama_io_read_buffer io(src, size);
+    llama_io_read_host io(src, size);
     try {
         return state_read_data(io);
     } catch (const std::exception & err) {
@@ -2448,9 +2643,14 @@ size_t llama_context::state_set_data(const uint8_t * src, size_t size) {
     }
 }
 
+static constexpr uint32_t io_magic = 0xaf143cd8;
+
 size_t llama_context::state_seq_get_size(llama_seq_id seq_id, llama_state_seq_flags flags) {
-    llama_io_write_dummy io;
+    llama_io_write_dummy io(flags & LLAMA_STATE_SEQ_FLAGS_ON_DEVICE);
     try {
+        io.write(&io_magic, sizeof(io_magic));
+        io.write(&seq_id, sizeof(seq_id));
+
         return state_seq_write_data(io, seq_id, flags);
     } catch (const std::exception & err) {
         LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("%s: error getting state size: %s\n", __func__, err.what());
@@ -2459,9 +2659,18 @@ size_t llama_context::state_seq_get_size(llama_seq_id seq_id, llama_state_seq_fl
 }
 
 size_t llama_context::state_seq_get_data(llama_seq_id seq_id, uint8_t * dst, size_t size, llama_state_seq_flags flags) {
-    llama_io_write_buffer io(dst, size);
+    std::unique_ptr<llama_io_write_i> io;
+    if (flags & LLAMA_STATE_SEQ_FLAGS_ON_DEVICE) {
+        io = std::make_unique<llama_io_write_device>(dst, size, mem_storage[seq_id]);
+    } else {
+        io = std::make_unique<llama_io_write_host>(dst, size);
+    }
+
     try {
-        return state_seq_write_data(io, seq_id, flags);
+        io->write(&io_magic, sizeof(io_magic));
+        io->write(&seq_id, sizeof(seq_id));
+
+        return state_seq_write_data(*io, seq_id, flags);
     } catch (const std::exception & err) {
         LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("%s: error saving state: %s\n", __func__, err.what());
         return 0;
@@ -2469,9 +2678,38 @@ size_t llama_context::state_seq_get_data(llama_seq_id seq_id, uint8_t * dst, siz
 }
 
 size_t llama_context::state_seq_set_data(llama_seq_id seq_id, const uint8_t * src, size_t size, llama_state_seq_flags flags) {
-    llama_io_read_buffer io(src, size);
+    std::unique_ptr<llama_io_read_i> io;
+    if (flags & LLAMA_STATE_SEQ_FLAGS_ON_DEVICE) {
+        // create a temporary io to read the magic and the src seq_id
+        io = std::make_unique<llama_io_read_host>(src, size);
+
+        uint32_t magic_read;
+        io->read(&magic_read, sizeof(magic_read));
+        if (io_magic != magic_read) {
+            throw std::runtime_error("wrong sequence state magic");
+        }
+
+        llama_seq_id seq_id_read;
+        io->read(&seq_id_read, sizeof(seq_id_read));
+
+        GGML_ASSERT(mem_storage.find(seq_id_read) != mem_storage.end());
+
+        io = std::make_unique<llama_io_read_device>(src, size, mem_storage[seq_id_read]);
+    } else {
+        io = std::make_unique<llama_io_read_host>(src, size);
+    }
+
     try {
-        return state_seq_read_data(io, seq_id, flags);
+        uint32_t magic_read;
+        io->read(&magic_read, sizeof(magic_read));
+        if (io_magic != magic_read) {
+            throw std::runtime_error("wrong sequence state magic");
+        }
+
+        llama_seq_id seq_id_read;
+        io->read(&seq_id_read, sizeof(seq_id_read));
+
+        return state_seq_read_data(*io, seq_id, flags);
     } catch (const std::exception & err) {
         LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("%s: error loading state: %s\n", __func__, err.what());
         return 0;
@@ -3462,7 +3700,6 @@ size_t llama_state_seq_get_data_ext(llama_context * ctx, uint8_t * dst, size_t s
 
     return ctx->state_seq_get_data(seq_id, dst, size, flags);
 }
-
 size_t llama_state_seq_set_data_ext(llama_context * ctx, const uint8_t * src, size_t size, llama_seq_id seq_id, llama_state_seq_flags flags) {
     ctx->synchronize();
 

src/llama-context.h

@@ -23,6 +23,21 @@ class llama_io_write_i;
 struct llama_memory_i;
 struct llama_memory_context_i;
 
+// stores copy of the memory in device buffer. used for fast state save/load
+struct llama_memory_buffer {
+    int n_tensors = 0;
+    size_t total_size = 0;
+
+    ggml_backend_buffer_ptr buf;
+
+    ggml_context_ptr ctx;
+
+    std::vector<ggml_tensor *> org;
+    std::vector<ggml_tensor *> cpy;
+};
+
+using llama_memory_buffers = std::map<ggml_backend_buffer_type_t, llama_memory_buffer>;
+
 struct llama_context {
     // init scheduler and compute buffers, reserve worst-case graphs
     llama_context(
@@ -128,6 +143,7 @@ struct llama_context {
     size_t state_set_data(const uint8_t * src, size_t size);
 
     size_t state_seq_get_size(llama_seq_id seq_id, llama_state_seq_flags flags);
+
     size_t state_seq_get_data(llama_seq_id seq_id,       uint8_t * dst, size_t size, llama_state_seq_flags flags);
     size_t state_seq_set_data(llama_seq_id seq_id, const uint8_t * src, size_t size, llama_state_seq_flags flags);
 
@@ -328,6 +344,9 @@ private:
     // host buffer for the model output (logits and embeddings)
     ggml_backend_buffer_ptr buf_output;
 
+    // keep copies of the per-sequence memory on the device
+    std::map<llama_seq_id, llama_memory_buffers> mem_storage;
+
     bool has_evaluated_once = false;
 
     // env: LLAMA_GRAPH_REUSE_DISABLE

src/llama-graph.cpp

@@ -65,7 +65,11 @@ static ggml_tensor * ggml_mul_mat_aux(
 
     ggml_tensor * res;
 
-    res = ggml_reshape_2d(ctx, cur, n, ggml_nelements(cur)/n);
+    if (!ggml_is_contiguous(cur)) {
+        res = ggml_cont_2d   (ctx, cur, n, ggml_nelements(cur)/n);
+    } else {
+        res = ggml_reshape_2d(ctx, cur, n, ggml_nelements(cur)/n);
+    }
     res = ggml_mul_mat   (ctx, rot, res);
     ggml_mul_mat_set_hint(res, GGML_HINT_SRC0_IS_HADAMARD);
     res = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx, res, cur->ne[0], cur->ne[1], cur->ne[2], cur->ne[3]);

src/llama-hparams.h

@@ -166,6 +166,8 @@ struct llama_hparams {
     float    f_attn_out_scale = 0.0f;
     uint32_t attn_temp_length = 0;
 
+    float    f_attn_value_scale = 0.0f;
+
     bool causal_attn   = true;
     bool use_alibi     = false;
     bool attn_soft_cap = false;

src/llama-io.h

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ public:
     virtual ~llama_io_write_i() = default;
 
     virtual void write(const void * src, size_t size) = 0;
-    virtual void write_tensor(const ggml_tensor * tensor, size_t offset, size_t size) = 0;
+    virtual void write_tensor(ggml_tensor * tensor, size_t offset, size_t size) = 0;
 
     // bytes written so far
     virtual size_t n_bytes() = 0;

src/llama-memory-recurrent.cpp

@@ -726,6 +726,10 @@ void llama_memory_recurrent::state_write(llama_io_write_i & io, llama_seq_id seq
         cell_ranges.emplace_back(cell_range_begin, size);
     }
 
+    if (flags % LLAMA_STATE_SEQ_FLAGS_ON_DEVICE && cell_ranges.size() > 1) {
+        GGML_ABORT("cannot save/load multiple ranges of cells to/from device memory\n");
+    }
+
     // DEBUG CHECK: Sum of cell counts in ranges should equal the total cell count
     uint32_t cell_count_check = 0;
     for (const auto & range : cell_ranges) {
@@ -784,7 +788,7 @@ void llama_memory_recurrent::state_write_data(llama_io_write_i & io, const std::
     const uint32_t n_layer = hparams.n_layer;
 
     io.write(&s_trans, sizeof(s_trans));
-    io.write(&n_layer,   sizeof(n_layer));
+    io.write(&n_layer, sizeof(n_layer));
 
     // Iterate and write all the R tensors first, each row is a cell
     // Get whole range at a time

src/llama-model-saver.cpp

@@ -268,6 +268,7 @@ void llama_model_saver::add_kv_from_model() {
     // add_kv(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_SLIDING_WINDOW_PATTERN,  ???);
     add_kv(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_SCALE,                   hparams.f_attention_scale);
     add_kv(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_OUTPUT_SCALE,            hparams.f_attn_out_scale);
+    add_kv(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_VALUE_SCALE,             hparams.f_attn_value_scale);
     add_kv(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_TEMPERATURE_LENGTH,      hparams.attn_temp_length);
     add_kv(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_TEMPERATURE_SCALE,       hparams.f_attn_temp_scale);
     add_kv(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_KEY_LENGTH_MLA,          hparams.n_embd_head_k_mla_impl);

src/llama-model.cpp

@@ -285,7 +285,7 @@ static llama_model * llama_model_mapping(llm_arch arch, const llama_model_params
         case LLM_ARCH_STEP35:
             return new llama_model_step35(params);
         default:
-            GGML_ABORT("unimplemented model class");
+            throw std::runtime_error(std::string("unsupported model architecture: '") + llm_arch_name(arch) + "'");
     }
 
 }
@@ -1671,6 +1671,7 @@ void llama_model::print_info() const {
         LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: f_max_alibi_bias      = %.1e\n",   __func__, hparams.f_max_alibi_bias);
         LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: f_logit_scale         = %.1e\n",   __func__, hparams.f_logit_scale);
         LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: f_attn_scale          = %.1e\n",   __func__, hparams.f_attention_scale);
+        LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: f_attn_value_scale    = %.4f\n",   __func__, hparams.f_attn_value_scale);
         LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: n_ff                  = %s\n",     __func__, print_f([&](uint32_t il) { return hparams.n_ff(il); }, hparams.n_layer).c_str());
         LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: n_expert              = %u\n",     __func__, hparams.n_expert);
         LLAMA_LOG_INFO("%s: n_expert_used         = %u\n",     __func__, hparams.n_expert_used);

src/llama.cpp

@@ -71,12 +71,18 @@ bool llama_supports_mlock(void) {
 }
 
 bool llama_supports_gpu_offload(void) {
+    if (!ggml_backend_reg_count()) {
+        ggml_backend_load_all();
+    }
     return ggml_backend_dev_by_type(GGML_BACKEND_DEVICE_TYPE_GPU) != nullptr ||
            ggml_backend_dev_by_type(GGML_BACKEND_DEVICE_TYPE_IGPU) != nullptr ||
            llama_supports_rpc();
 }
 
 bool llama_supports_rpc(void) {
+    if (!ggml_backend_reg_count()) {
+        ggml_backend_load_all();
+    }
     return ggml_backend_reg_by_name("RPC") != nullptr;
 }
 
@@ -89,6 +95,10 @@ void llama_backend_init(void) {
         struct ggml_context * ctx = ggml_init(params);
         ggml_free(ctx);
     }
+
+    if (!ggml_backend_reg_count()) {
+        ggml_backend_load_all();
+    }
 }
 
 void llama_numa_init(enum ggml_numa_strategy numa) {

src/models/mimo2.cpp

@@ -10,7 +10,16 @@ void llama_model_mimo2::load_arch_hparams(llama_model_loader & ml) {
     ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ROPE_FREQ_BASE_SWA,         hparams.rope_freq_base_train_swa, false);
     ml.get_key_or_arr(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_SLIDING_WINDOW_PATTERN, hparams.swa_layers, hparams.n_layer);
 
-    switch (hparams.n_layer) {
+    float value_scale = 0.0f;
+    if (ml.get_key(LLM_KV_ATTENTION_VALUE_SCALE, value_scale, false) && value_scale != 1.0f) {
+        hparams.f_attn_value_scale = value_scale;
+    }
+
+    ml.get_key(LLM_KV_NEXTN_PREDICT_LAYERS, hparams.nextn_predict_layers, false);
+    GGML_ASSERT(hparams.nextn_predict_layers < hparams.n_layer && "nextn_predict_layers must be < n_layer");
+    hparams.n_layer_kv_from_start = hparams.n_layer - hparams.nextn_predict_layers;
+
+    switch (hparams.n_layer - hparams.nextn_predict_layers) {
         case 48: type = LLM_TYPE_310B_A15B; break;
         default: type = LLM_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
     }
@@ -25,32 +34,45 @@ void llama_model_mimo2::load_arch_tensors(llama_model_loader &) {
     output_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM, "weight"), {n_embd}, 0);
     output      = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,      "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, 0);
 
+    const uint32_t n_nextn = hparams.nextn_predict_layers;
+
     for (int i = 0; i < n_layer; ++i) {
         auto & layer = layers[i];
         uint32_t n_embd_k_gqa = hparams.n_embd_k_gqa(i);
         uint32_t n_embd_v_gqa = hparams.n_embd_v_gqa(i);
         uint32_t n_head = hparams.n_head(i);
 
-        create_tensor_qkv(layer, i, n_embd, n_embd_head_k * n_head, n_embd_k_gqa, n_embd_v_gqa, 0);
-        layer.wo = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT, "weight", i), { n_embd_head_v * n_head, n_embd }, 0);
+        // NextN/MTP layers (the last n_nextn blocks) are preserved but disabled pending support
+        const bool is_nextn = (n_nextn > 0) && (static_cast<uint32_t>(i) >= n_layer - n_nextn);
+        const int  skip     = is_nextn ? TENSOR_SKIP : 0;
 
-        layer.attn_norm  = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,  "weight", i), {n_embd}, 0);
-        layer.attn_sinks = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_SINKS, "weight", i), {n_head}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+        create_tensor_qkv(layer, i, n_embd, n_embd_head_k * n_head, n_embd_k_gqa, n_embd_v_gqa, skip);
+        layer.wo = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT, "weight", i), { n_embd_head_v * n_head, n_embd }, skip);
 
-        layer.ffn_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM, "weight", i), {n_embd}, 0);
+        layer.attn_norm  = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM,  "weight", i), {n_embd}, skip);
+        layer.attn_sinks = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_SINKS, "weight", i), {n_head}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED | skip);
+
+        layer.ffn_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM, "weight", i), {n_embd}, skip);
 
         // non-MoE branch
-        layer.ffn_gate = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE, "weight", i), {n_embd,   n_ff}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
-        layer.ffn_down = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN, "weight", i), {  n_ff, n_embd}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
-        layer.ffn_up   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,   "weight", i), {n_embd,   n_ff}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+        layer.ffn_gate = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE, "weight", i), {n_embd,   n_ff}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED | skip);
+        layer.ffn_down = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN, "weight", i), {  n_ff, n_embd}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED | skip);
+        layer.ffn_up   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,   "weight", i), {n_embd,   n_ff}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED | skip);
 
         // MoE branch
         int64_t n_ff_exp = hparams.n_ff_exp;
-        layer.ffn_gate_inp  = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_INP,  "weight", i), {n_embd, n_expert}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
-        layer.ffn_gate_exps = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_EXPS, "weight", i), {n_embd, n_ff_exp,   n_expert}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
-        layer.ffn_down_exps = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_EXPS, "weight", i), {n_ff_exp,   n_embd, n_expert}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
-        layer.ffn_up_exps   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_EXPS,   "weight", i), {n_embd, n_ff_exp,   n_expert}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
-        layer.ffn_exp_probs_b = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_EXP_PROBS_B, "bias", i), {n_expert}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+        layer.ffn_gate_inp  = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_INP,  "weight", i), {n_embd, n_expert}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED | skip);
+        layer.ffn_gate_exps = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_EXPS, "weight", i), {n_embd, n_ff_exp,   n_expert}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED | skip);
+        layer.ffn_down_exps = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_EXPS, "weight", i), {n_ff_exp,   n_embd, n_expert}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED | skip);
+        layer.ffn_up_exps   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_EXPS,   "weight", i), {n_embd, n_ff_exp,   n_expert}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED | skip);
+        layer.ffn_exp_probs_b = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_EXP_PROBS_B, "bias", i), {n_expert}, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED | skip);
+
+        if (is_nextn) {
+            layer.nextn.eh_proj  = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_NEXTN_EH_PROJ, "weight", i), {2 * n_embd, n_embd}, skip);
+            layer.nextn.enorm    = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_NEXTN_ENORM,   "weight", i), {n_embd}, skip);
+            layer.nextn.hnorm    = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_NEXTN_HNORM,   "weight", i), {n_embd}, skip);
+            layer.layer_out_norm = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_OUT_NORM, "weight", i), {n_embd}, skip);
+        }
     }
 }
 
@@ -68,7 +90,12 @@ llama_model_mimo2::graph::graph(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_param
     auto * inp_attn = build_attn_inp_kv_iswa();
     ggml_tensor * inp_out_ids = build_inp_out_ids();
 
-    for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
+    const float v_scale = hparams.f_attn_value_scale;
+
+    // The last hparams.nextn_predict_layers blocks are MTP heads, currently inactive
+    const int n_transformer_layers = n_layer - hparams.nextn_predict_layers;
+
+    for (int il = 0; il < n_transformer_layers; ++il) {
         ggml_tensor * inpSA = inpL;
 
         uint32_t n_head_l    = hparams.n_head(il);
@@ -83,19 +110,39 @@ llama_model_mimo2::graph::graph(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_param
             cur = build_norm(inpL, model.layers[il].attn_norm, NULL, LLM_NORM_RMS, il);
             cb(cur, "attn_norm", il);
 
-            // compute Q and K and RoPE them
-            ggml_tensor * Qcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wq, cur);
-            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            ggml_tensor * Qcur;
+            ggml_tensor * Kcur;
+            ggml_tensor * Vcur;
 
-            ggml_tensor * Kcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wk, cur);
-            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            if (model.layers[il].wqkv) {
+                // Fused qkv_proj - Q/K share head_dim_k, V uses head_dim_v
+                ggml_tensor * qkv = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wqkv, cur);
+                cb(qkv, "wqkv", il);
 
-            ggml_tensor * Vcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wv, cur);
-            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+                const size_t row_k    = ggml_row_size(qkv->type, n_embd_head_k);
+                const size_t row_v    = ggml_row_size(qkv->type, n_embd_head_v);
+                const size_t row_full = qkv->nb[1];
+                const size_t k_off    = row_k * n_head_l;
+                const size_t v_off    = k_off + row_k * n_head_kv_l;
 
-            Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head_k, n_head_l,    n_tokens);
-            Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head_k, n_head_kv_l, n_tokens);
-            Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_head_v, n_head_kv_l, n_tokens);
+                Qcur = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, qkv, n_embd_head_k, n_head_l,    n_tokens, row_k, row_full, 0);
+                Kcur = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, qkv, n_embd_head_k, n_head_kv_l, n_tokens, row_k, row_full, k_off);
+                Vcur = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, qkv, n_embd_head_v, n_head_kv_l, n_tokens, row_v, row_full, v_off);
+            } else {
+                // Split path
+                Qcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wq, cur);
+                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+
+                Kcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wk, cur);
+                cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+
+                Vcur = build_lora_mm(model.layers[il].wv, cur);
+                cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+                Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, n_embd_head_k, n_head_l,    n_tokens);
+                Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, n_embd_head_k, n_head_kv_l, n_tokens);
+                Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, n_embd_head_v, n_head_kv_l, n_tokens);
+            }
 
             Qcur = ggml_rope_ext(
                 ctx0, Qcur, inp_pos, nullptr,
@@ -118,9 +165,15 @@ llama_model_mimo2::graph::graph(const llama_model & model, const llm_graph_param
             cur = build_attn(inp_attn,
                     model.layers[il].wo, NULL, model.layers[il].wo_s,
                     Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, sinks, nullptr, 1.0f/sqrtf(float(n_embd_head_k)), il);
+            cb(cur, "attn_out", il);
+
+            if (v_scale) {
+                cur = ggml_scale(ctx0, cur, v_scale);
+                cb(cur, "attn_out_scaled", il);
+            }
         }
 
-        if (il == n_layer - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
+        if (il == n_transformer_layers - 1 && inp_out_ids) {
             cur   = ggml_get_rows(ctx0,   cur, inp_out_ids);
             inpSA = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpSA, inp_out_ids);
         }

tests/test-backend-ops.cpp

@@ -3556,6 +3556,73 @@ struct test_relu_sqr : public test_case {
     }
 };
 
+// SNAKE activation fusion: y = x + sin(a*x)^2 * inv_b
+// CUDA backend matches the naive 5-op chain (mul, sin, sqr, mul, add)
+// and dispatches a single fused kernel.
+struct test_snake_fuse : public test_case {
+    const ggml_type type;
+    const std::array<int64_t, 2> ne;   // [T, C]
+
+    std::string op_desc(ggml_tensor * t) override {
+        GGML_UNUSED(t);
+        return "SNAKE_FUSE";
+    }
+
+    bool run_whole_graph() override { return true; }
+
+    double max_nmse_err() override {
+        // BF16 epsilon ~ 7.8e-3, F16 epsilon ~ 9.7e-4: relax tolerance to match
+        // the natural roundoff drift between the naive CPU chain and the fused
+        // CUDA kernel. F32 keeps the default tight bound.
+        switch (type) {
+            case GGML_TYPE_BF16: return 5e-3;
+            case GGML_TYPE_F16:  return 5e-5;
+            default:             return 1e-7;
+        }
+    }
+
+    std::string vars() override {
+        return VARS_TO_STR2(type, ne);
+    }
+
+    test_snake_fuse(ggml_type type = GGML_TYPE_F32,
+            std::array<int64_t, 2> ne = {256, 192})
+        : type(type), ne(ne) {}
+
+    ggml_tensor * build_graph(ggml_context * ctx) override {
+        ggml_tensor * x = ggml_new_tensor_2d(ctx, type, ne[0], ne[1]);
+        ggml_set_name(x, "x");
+
+        ggml_tensor * a = ggml_new_tensor_2d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, 1, ne[1]);
+        ggml_set_name(a, "a");
+
+        ggml_tensor * inv_b = ggml_new_tensor_2d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, 1, ne[1]);
+        ggml_set_name(inv_b, "inv_b");
+
+        // exact 5-op chain that BigVGAN / Vocos frontends emit
+        ggml_tensor * ax     = ggml_mul(ctx, x, a);
+        ggml_tensor * sin_ax = ggml_sin(ctx, ax);
+        ggml_tensor * sin_sq = ggml_sqr(ctx, sin_ax);
+        ggml_tensor * scaled = ggml_mul(ctx, sin_sq, inv_b);
+        ggml_tensor * out    = ggml_add(ctx, x, scaled);
+        ggml_set_name(out, "out");
+
+        return out;
+    }
+
+    void initialize_tensors(ggml_context * ctx) override {
+        // x in [-pi, pi] to exercise sin periodicity, params in default [-1, 1]
+        for (ggml_tensor * t = ggml_get_first_tensor(ctx); t != nullptr; t = ggml_get_next_tensor(ctx, t)) {
+            const std::string name = ggml_get_name(t);
+            if (name == "x") {
+                init_tensor_uniform(t, -3.14159f, 3.14159f);
+            } else {
+                init_tensor_uniform(t);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+};
+
 // GGML_OP_SSM_CONV
 struct test_ssm_conv : public test_case {
     const ggml_type type;
@@ -3763,13 +3830,37 @@ struct test_gated_delta_net : public test_case {
             k = ggml_new_tensor_4d(ctx, type, head_size, head_count, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs);
             v = ggml_new_tensor_4d(ctx, type, head_size, head_count * v_repeat, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs);
         }
+        ggml_set_name(q, "q");
+        ggml_set_name(k, "k");
+        ggml_set_name(v, "v");
         const int64_t g_ne0 = kda ? head_size : 1;
         ggml_tensor * g     = ggml_new_tensor_4d(ctx, type, g_ne0, head_count * v_repeat, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs);
         ggml_tensor * beta  = ggml_new_tensor_4d(ctx, type, 1, head_count * v_repeat, n_seq_tokens, n_seqs);
         ggml_tensor * state = ggml_new_tensor_2d(ctx, type, head_size * v_repeat * head_size * head_count, n_seqs);
+        ggml_set_name(g,     "g");
+        ggml_set_name(beta,  "beta");
+        ggml_set_name(state, "state");
+        // q/k are L2-normalised in qwen35/kimi-linear before delta_net
+        q = ggml_l2_norm(ctx, q, 1e-6f);
+        k = ggml_l2_norm(ctx, k, 1e-6f);
         ggml_tensor * out   = ggml_gated_delta_net(ctx, q, k, v, g, beta, state);
         return out;
     }
+
+    void initialize_tensors(ggml_context * ctx) override {
+        for (ggml_tensor * t = ggml_get_first_tensor(ctx); t != nullptr; t = ggml_get_next_tensor(ctx, t)) {
+            if (ggml_is_view_op(t->op)) { continue; }
+            if (strcmp(t->name, "g") == 0) {
+                init_tensor_uniform(t, -20.0f, -1e-4f);
+            } else if (strcmp(t->name, "beta") == 0) {
+                init_tensor_uniform(t, 0.0f, 1.0f);
+            } else if (strcmp(t->name, "v") == 0) {
+                init_tensor_uniform(t, -0.3f, 5.0f);
+            } else {
+                init_tensor_uniform(t);
+            }
+        }
+    }
 };
 
 // GGML_OP_GATED_LINEAR_ATTN
@@ -7465,6 +7556,15 @@ static std::vector<std::unique_ptr<test_case>> make_test_cases_eval() {
         test_cases.emplace_back(new test_relu_sqr(type, { 5, 7, 11, 13 }));
     }
 
+    // SNAKE activation fusion: x + sin(a*x)^2 * inv_b
+    for (ggml_type type : { GGML_TYPE_F32, GGML_TYPE_F16, GGML_TYPE_BF16 }) {
+        test_cases.emplace_back(new test_snake_fuse(type, {   5,   7}));   // primes sub-block
+        test_cases.emplace_back(new test_snake_fuse(type, {  33,  32}));   // boundary
+        test_cases.emplace_back(new test_snake_fuse(type, {1025,  13}));   // large prime, grid-stride
+        test_cases.emplace_back(new test_snake_fuse(type, { 128,  16}));   // power-of-two
+        test_cases.emplace_back(new test_snake_fuse(type, { 256, 192}));   // BigVGAN-ish
+    }
+
     // glu ops
     for (ggml_type type : {GGML_TYPE_F16, GGML_TYPE_F32}) {
         for (int v : {0, 1}) {
@@ -8361,6 +8461,12 @@ static std::vector<std::unique_ptr<test_case>> make_test_cases_eval() {
         }
     }
 
+    // ne2 sweep to cover the cublasSgemmStridedBatched path (dps2 == 1, ne2 > 1)
+    for (int64_t ne2 : {1, 8, 16, 32}) {
+        test_cases.emplace_back(new test_out_prod(GGML_TYPE_F32, GGML_TYPE_F32,
+                                                  256, 16, 16, {ne2, 1}, {1, 1}));
+    }
+
     // add_id
     for (ggml_type type_a : {GGML_TYPE_F32}) {
         for (ggml_type type_b : {GGML_TYPE_F32}) {
@@ -8871,6 +8977,17 @@ static std::vector<std::unique_ptr<test_case>> make_test_cases_eval() {
     test_cases.emplace_back(new test_gated_delta_net(GGML_TYPE_F32, 8, 32, 4, 2, 2, false, true));
     test_cases.emplace_back(new test_gated_delta_net(GGML_TYPE_F32, 4, 64, 4, 2, 1, true,  true));
     test_cases.emplace_back(new test_gated_delta_net(GGML_TYPE_F32, 4, 16, 4, 2, 1, true,  true));
+    // chunked path: multi-chunk and non-multiple-of-chunk-size (chunk_size=64 GDN, 16 KDA)
+    test_cases.emplace_back(new test_gated_delta_net(GGML_TYPE_F32, 4, 64,  64, 1));
+    test_cases.emplace_back(new test_gated_delta_net(GGML_TYPE_F32, 4, 64, 127, 1));
+    test_cases.emplace_back(new test_gated_delta_net(GGML_TYPE_F32, 4, 64, 256, 1));
+    test_cases.emplace_back(new test_gated_delta_net(GGML_TYPE_F32, 4, 64,  65, 1));
+    test_cases.emplace_back(new test_gated_delta_net(GGML_TYPE_F32, 4, 64, 100, 1));
+    test_cases.emplace_back(new test_gated_delta_net(GGML_TYPE_F32, 4, 64, 200, 1));
+    test_cases.emplace_back(new test_gated_delta_net(GGML_TYPE_F32, 4, 64, 127, 2));
+    test_cases.emplace_back(new test_gated_delta_net(GGML_TYPE_F32, 4, 64,  64, 1, 1, false, true));
+    test_cases.emplace_back(new test_gated_delta_net(GGML_TYPE_F32, 4, 64,  33, 1, 1, false, true));
+    test_cases.emplace_back(new test_gated_delta_net(GGML_TYPE_F32, 4, 64, 100, 1, 1, false, true));
 
 #if 0
     // these tests are disabled to save execution time, sbut they can be handy for debugging
@@ -8973,6 +9090,11 @@ static std::vector<std::unique_ptr<test_case>> make_test_cases_perf() {
     test_cases.emplace_back(new test_pad_reflect_1d(GGML_TYPE_F32, {3000, 384, 1, 1}));
     test_cases.emplace_back(new test_pad_reflect_1d(GGML_TYPE_F32, {3000, 384, 4, 1}));
 
+    // SNAKE activation fusion at BigVGAN scale (T=7680 = 24 kHz x 320 ms, C=192)
+    test_cases.emplace_back(new test_snake_fuse(GGML_TYPE_F32,  {7680, 192}));
+    test_cases.emplace_back(new test_snake_fuse(GGML_TYPE_F16,  {7680, 192}));
+    test_cases.emplace_back(new test_snake_fuse(GGML_TYPE_BF16, {7680, 192}));
+
     test_cases.emplace_back(new test_mul_mat(GGML_TYPE_F16, GGML_TYPE_F32, 16416, 1, 128, {8,  1}, {4, 1}, {0, 2, 1, 3}));
     test_cases.emplace_back(new test_mul_mat(GGML_TYPE_F16, GGML_TYPE_F32, 128, 1, 16416, {8,  1}, {4, 1}, {0, 1, 2, 3}, 2*16416));
 

tests/test-state-restore-fragmented.cpp

@@ -29,6 +29,9 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
     }
 
     // init
+
+    ggml_backend_load_all();
+
     common_init_result_ptr llama_init = common_init_from_params(params);
 
     llama_model * model = llama_init->model();

tools/mtmd/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ add_library(mtmd
             models/gemma4a.cpp
             models/gemma4v.cpp
             models/glm4v.cpp
+            models/granite-speech.cpp
             models/hunyuanocr.cpp
             models/internvl.cpp
             models/kimivl.cpp

tools/mtmd/README.md

@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@ For the following models, you can use `convert_hf_to_gguf.py` with `--mmproj` fl
 - Qwen 2 VL and Qwen 2.5 VL (from [Qwen](https://huggingface.co/Qwen))
 - [Mistral Small 3.1 24B](https://huggingface.co/mistralai/Mistral-Small-3.1-24B-Instruct-2503)
 - InternVL 2.5 and InternVL 3 from [OpenGVLab](https://huggingface.co/OpenGVLab) (note: we don't support conversion of `InternVL3-*-hf` model, only non-HF version is supported ; `InternLM2Model` **text** model is not supported)
+- [MiniCPM-V 4.6](https://huggingface.co/openbmb/MiniCPM-V-4_6) ; See the guide [here](../../docs/multimodal/minicpmv4.6.md) - requires the standard `transformers` v5.7.0+ checkpoint
 
 For older models, please refer to the relevant guide for instructions on how to obtain or create them:
 
@@ -60,4 +61,7 @@ NOTE: conversion scripts are located under `tools/mtmd/legacy-models`
 - [MiniCPM-V 2.5](../../docs/multimodal/minicpmv2.5.md)
 - [MiniCPM-V 2.6](../../docs/multimodal/minicpmv2.6.md)
 - [MiniCPM-o 2.6](../../docs/multimodal/minicpmo2.6.md)
+- [MiniCPM-V 4.0](../../docs/multimodal/minicpmv4.0.md)
+- [MiniCPM-o 4.0](../../docs/multimodal/minicpmo4.0.md)
+- [MiniCPM-V 4.5](../../docs/multimodal/minicpmv4.5.md)
 - [IBM Granite Vision](../../docs/multimodal/granitevision.md)

tools/mtmd/clip-impl.h

@@ -60,9 +60,15 @@
 #define KEY_SAM_N_BLOCK            "clip.vision.sam.block_count"
 #define KEY_SAM_N_EMBD             "clip.vision.sam.embedding_length"
 // audio-specific
-#define KEY_AUDIO_PROJ_TYPE     "clip.audio.projector_type" // for models with mixed modalities
-#define KEY_A_NUM_MEL_BINS      "clip.audio.num_mel_bins"
-#define KEY_A_PROJ_STACK_FACTOR "clip.audio.projector.stack_factor"
+#define KEY_AUDIO_PROJ_TYPE        "clip.audio.projector_type" // for models with mixed modalities
+#define KEY_A_NUM_MEL_BINS         "clip.audio.num_mel_bins"
+#define KEY_A_PROJ_STACK_FACTOR    "clip.audio.projector.stack_factor"
+#define KEY_A_CHUNK_SIZE           "clip.audio.chunk_size"
+#define KEY_A_CONV_KERNEL_SIZE     "clip.audio.conv_kernel_size"
+#define KEY_A_MAX_POS_EMB          "clip.audio.max_pos_emb"
+#define KEY_A_PROJ_WINDOW_SIZE     "clip.audio.projector.window_size"
+#define KEY_A_PROJ_DOWNSAMPLE_RATE "clip.audio.projector.downsample_rate"
+#define KEY_A_PROJ_HEAD_COUNT      "clip.audio.projector.head_count"
 
 
 //
@@ -126,6 +132,17 @@
 #define TN_MINICPMV_ATTN       "resampler.attn.%s.%s"
 #define TN_MINICPMV_LN         "resampler.ln_%s.%s"
 
+// MiniCPM-V 4.6 ViT merger (window attention + MLP downsample),
+// matching the upstream `vit_merger` module name in transformers.
+#define TN_VIT_MERGER_LN1      "v.vit_merger.ln1.%s"
+#define TN_VIT_MERGER_ATTN_Q   "v.vit_merger.attn_q.%s"
+#define TN_VIT_MERGER_ATTN_K   "v.vit_merger.attn_k.%s"
+#define TN_VIT_MERGER_ATTN_V   "v.vit_merger.attn_v.%s"
+#define TN_VIT_MERGER_ATTN_O   "v.vit_merger.attn_out.%s"
+#define TN_VIT_MERGER_DS_LN    "v.vit_merger.ds_ln.%s"
+#define TN_VIT_MERGER_DS_UP    "v.vit_merger.ds_ffn_up.%s"
+#define TN_VIT_MERGER_DS_DOWN  "v.vit_merger.ds_ffn_down.%s"
+
 #define TN_GLM_ADAPER_CONV      "adapter.conv.%s"
 #define TN_GLM_ADAPTER_LINEAR   "adapter.linear.linear.%s"
 #define TN_GLM_ADAPTER_NORM_1   "adapter.linear.norm1.%s"
@@ -182,6 +199,27 @@
 #define TN_CONV_NORM       "%s.blk.%d.conv_norm.%s"
 #define TN_CONV_PW1        "%s.blk.%d.conv_pw1.%s"
 #define TN_CONV_PW2        "%s.blk.%d.conv_pw2.%s"
+#define TN_INP_PROJ        "a.input_projection.%s"
+#define TN_CTC_OUT         "a.enc_ctc_out.%s"
+#define TN_CTC_OUT_MID     "a.enc_ctc_out_mid.%s"
+#define TN_ATTN_REL_POS_EMB "%s.blk.%d.attn_rel_pos_emb"
+// qformer projector
+#define TN_QF_PROJ_QUERY   "a.proj_query"
+#define TN_QF_PROJ_NORM    "a.proj_norm.%s"
+#define TN_QF_PROJ_LINEAR  "a.proj_linear.%s"
+#define TN_QF_SELF_ATTN_Q  "a.proj_blk.%d.self_attn_q.%s"
+#define TN_QF_SELF_ATTN_K  "a.proj_blk.%d.self_attn_k.%s"
+#define TN_QF_SELF_ATTN_V  "a.proj_blk.%d.self_attn_v.%s"
+#define TN_QF_SELF_ATTN_O  "a.proj_blk.%d.self_attn_out.%s"
+#define TN_QF_SELF_ATTN_N  "a.proj_blk.%d.self_attn_norm.%s"
+#define TN_QF_CROSS_ATTN_Q "a.proj_blk.%d.cross_attn_q.%s"
+#define TN_QF_CROSS_ATTN_K "a.proj_blk.%d.cross_attn_k.%s"
+#define TN_QF_CROSS_ATTN_V "a.proj_blk.%d.cross_attn_v.%s"
+#define TN_QF_CROSS_ATTN_O "a.proj_blk.%d.cross_attn_out.%s"
+#define TN_QF_CROSS_ATTN_N "a.proj_blk.%d.cross_attn_norm.%s"
+#define TN_QF_FFN_UP       "a.proj_blk.%d.ffn_up.%s"
+#define TN_QF_FFN_DOWN     "a.proj_blk.%d.ffn_down.%s"
+#define TN_QF_FFN_NORM     "a.proj_blk.%d.ffn_norm.%s"
 
 // gemma4 audio conformer
 #define TN_A_MM_INP_PROJ     "mm.a.input_projection.%s"
@@ -304,6 +342,8 @@ enum projector_type {
     PROJECTOR_TYPE_NEMOTRON_V2_VL,
     PROJECTOR_TYPE_HUNYUANOCR,
     PROJECTOR_TYPE_HUNYUANVL,
+    PROJECTOR_TYPE_MINICPMV4_6,
+    PROJECTOR_TYPE_GRANITE_SPEECH,
     PROJECTOR_TYPE_UNKNOWN,
 };
 
@@ -351,6 +391,8 @@ static std::map<projector_type, std::string> PROJECTOR_TYPE_NAMES = {
     { PROJECTOR_TYPE_NEMOTRON_V2_VL, "nemotron_v2_vl"},
     { PROJECTOR_TYPE_HUNYUANOCR, "hunyuanocr"},
     { PROJECTOR_TYPE_HUNYUANVL,  "hunyuanvl"},
+    { PROJECTOR_TYPE_MINICPMV4_6, "minicpmv4_6"},
+    { PROJECTOR_TYPE_GRANITE_SPEECH, "granite_speech"},
 };
 
 static projector_type clip_projector_type_from_string(const std::string & str) {

tools/mtmd/clip-model.h

@@ -92,6 +92,12 @@ struct clip_hparams {
     // audio
     int32_t n_mel_bins = 0; // whisper preprocessor
     int32_t proj_stack_factor = 0; // ultravox
+    int32_t audio_chunk_size           = 0;
+    int32_t audio_conv_kernel_size     = 0;
+    int32_t audio_max_pos_emb          = 0;
+    int32_t audio_proj_window_size     = 0;
+    int32_t audio_proj_downsample_rate = 0;
+    int32_t audio_proj_head_count      = 0;
 
     // audio-to-mel preprocessor params
     int32_t audio_chunk_len   = -1; // in seconds
@@ -104,6 +110,7 @@ struct clip_hparams {
     bool has_llava_projector = false;
     int minicpmv_version = 0;
     int32_t minicpmv_query_num = 0;         // MiniCPM-V query number
+    int32_t insert_layer_id   = 0;          // MiniCPM-V 4.6 ViT merger insertion layer
 
     // custom value provided by user, can be undefined if not set
     int32_t custom_image_min_tokens = -1;
@@ -224,6 +231,21 @@ struct clip_layer {
     ggml_tensor * per_dim_k_scale_w = nullptr;
     ggml_tensor * ff_post_norm_1_w  = nullptr;
 
+    // granite_speech conformer per-layer
+    ggml_tensor * attn_rel_pos_emb = nullptr;
+
+    // granite_speech qformer cross-attention
+    ggml_tensor * cross_attn_q_w    = nullptr;
+    ggml_tensor * cross_attn_q_b    = nullptr;
+    ggml_tensor * cross_attn_k_w    = nullptr;
+    ggml_tensor * cross_attn_k_b    = nullptr;
+    ggml_tensor * cross_attn_v_w    = nullptr;
+    ggml_tensor * cross_attn_v_b    = nullptr;
+    ggml_tensor * cross_attn_o_w    = nullptr;
+    ggml_tensor * cross_attn_o_b    = nullptr;
+    ggml_tensor * cross_attn_norm_w = nullptr;
+    ggml_tensor * cross_attn_norm_b = nullptr;
+
     bool has_deepstack() const {
         return deepstack_fc1_w != nullptr;
     }
@@ -403,6 +425,24 @@ struct clip_model {
     ggml_tensor * mm_model_ln_post_w = nullptr;
     ggml_tensor * mm_model_ln_post_b = nullptr;
 
+    // MiniCPM-V 4.6 ViT merger (window self-attention + ViT MLP downsample)
+    ggml_tensor * vit_merger_ln1_w     = nullptr;
+    ggml_tensor * vit_merger_ln1_b     = nullptr;
+    ggml_tensor * vit_merger_attn_q_w  = nullptr;
+    ggml_tensor * vit_merger_attn_q_b  = nullptr;
+    ggml_tensor * vit_merger_attn_k_w  = nullptr;
+    ggml_tensor * vit_merger_attn_k_b  = nullptr;
+    ggml_tensor * vit_merger_attn_v_w  = nullptr;
+    ggml_tensor * vit_merger_attn_v_b  = nullptr;
+    ggml_tensor * vit_merger_attn_o_w  = nullptr;
+    ggml_tensor * vit_merger_attn_o_b  = nullptr;
+    ggml_tensor * vit_merger_ds_ln_w   = nullptr;
+    ggml_tensor * vit_merger_ds_ln_b   = nullptr;
+    ggml_tensor * vit_merger_ds_up_w   = nullptr;
+    ggml_tensor * vit_merger_ds_up_b   = nullptr;
+    ggml_tensor * vit_merger_ds_down_w = nullptr;
+    ggml_tensor * vit_merger_ds_down_b = nullptr;
+
     // gemma3
     ggml_tensor * mm_input_proj_w = nullptr;
     ggml_tensor * mm_soft_emb_norm_w = nullptr;
@@ -515,6 +555,21 @@ struct clip_model {
     ggml_tensor * audio_out_proj_w = nullptr;
     ggml_tensor * audio_out_proj_b = nullptr;
 
+    // granite_speech encoder
+    ggml_tensor * inp_proj_w    = nullptr;
+    ggml_tensor * inp_proj_b    = nullptr;
+    ggml_tensor * ctc_out_w     = nullptr;
+    ggml_tensor * ctc_out_b     = nullptr;
+    ggml_tensor * ctc_out_mid_w = nullptr;
+    ggml_tensor * ctc_out_mid_b = nullptr;
+    // qformer projector
+    ggml_tensor * qf_proj_query    = nullptr;
+    ggml_tensor * qf_proj_norm_w   = nullptr;
+    ggml_tensor * qf_proj_norm_b   = nullptr;
+    ggml_tensor * qf_proj_linear_w = nullptr;
+    ggml_tensor * qf_proj_linear_b = nullptr;
+    std::vector<clip_layer> qf_proj_layers;
+
     bool audio_has_avgpool() const {
         return proj_type == PROJECTOR_TYPE_QWEN2A
             || proj_type == PROJECTOR_TYPE_VOXTRAL

tools/mtmd/clip.cpp

@@ -874,6 +874,10 @@ static ggml_cgraph * clip_image_build_graph(clip_ctx * ctx, const clip_image_f32
             {
                 builder = std::make_unique<clip_graph_minicpmv>(ctx, img);
             } break;
+        case PROJECTOR_TYPE_MINICPMV4_6:
+            {
+                builder = std::make_unique<clip_graph_minicpmv4_6>(ctx, img);
+            } break;
         case PROJECTOR_TYPE_INTERNVL:
             {
                 builder = std::make_unique<clip_graph_internvl>(ctx, img);
@@ -936,6 +940,10 @@ static ggml_cgraph * clip_image_build_graph(clip_ctx * ctx, const clip_image_f32
             {
                 builder = std::make_unique<clip_graph_gemma4a>(ctx, img);
             } break;
+        case PROJECTOR_TYPE_GRANITE_SPEECH:
+            {
+                builder = std::make_unique<clip_graph_granite_speech>(ctx, img);
+            } break;
         case PROJECTOR_TYPE_GLM4V:
             {
                 builder = std::make_unique<clip_graph_glm4v>(ctx, img);
@@ -1227,6 +1235,20 @@ struct clip_model_loader {
                             hparams.minicpmv_version = 2; // default to 2 if not set
                         }
                     } break;
+                case PROJECTOR_TYPE_MINICPMV4_6:
+                    {
+                        // MiniCPM-V 4.6 unified merger projector
+                        // ViT merger 2x2 + final merger 2x2 = 4x spatial merge per dimension
+                        hparams.n_merge = 4;
+                        get_u32(KEY_PROJ_SCALE_FACTOR, hparams.n_merge, false);
+
+                        // borrow wa_layer_indexes for vit_merger insertion point
+                        std::vector<int> wa_layer_indexes_vec;
+                        get_arr_int(KEY_WIN_ATTN_LAYER_INDEXES, wa_layer_indexes_vec, false);
+                        if (!wa_layer_indexes_vec.empty()) {
+                            hparams.insert_layer_id = wa_layer_indexes_vec[0];
+                        }
+                    } break;
                 case PROJECTOR_TYPE_INTERNVL:
                     {
                         // use default llava-uhd preprocessing params
@@ -1503,6 +1525,20 @@ struct clip_model_loader {
                         hparams.audio_window_len       = 320;  // 20ms frame (NOT 25ms/400)
                         hparams.audio_hop_len          = 160;
                     } break;
+                case PROJECTOR_TYPE_GRANITE_SPEECH:
+                    {
+                        hparams.audio_chunk_len        = 0;
+                        hparams.audio_sample_rate      = 16000;
+                        hparams.audio_n_fft            = 512;
+                        hparams.audio_window_len       = 400;
+                        hparams.audio_hop_len          = 160;
+                        get_u32(KEY_A_CHUNK_SIZE,           hparams.audio_chunk_size);
+                        get_u32(KEY_A_CONV_KERNEL_SIZE,     hparams.audio_conv_kernel_size);
+                        get_u32(KEY_A_MAX_POS_EMB,          hparams.audio_max_pos_emb);
+                        get_u32(KEY_A_PROJ_WINDOW_SIZE,     hparams.audio_proj_window_size);
+                        get_u32(KEY_A_PROJ_DOWNSAMPLE_RATE, hparams.audio_proj_downsample_rate);
+                        get_u32(KEY_A_PROJ_HEAD_COUNT,      hparams.audio_proj_head_count);
+                    } break;
                 case PROJECTOR_TYPE_JANUS_PRO:
                     {
                         hparams.image_pad_color   = {127, 127, 127};
@@ -1654,13 +1690,13 @@ struct clip_model_loader {
 
         model.position_embeddings = get_tensor(string_format(TN_POS_EMBD, prefix), false);
 
-        if (model.proj_type == PROJECTOR_TYPE_GEMMA3NV) {
-            hparams.n_layer = 0; // gemma3n does not use normal layer structure
-        }
+        const bool has_standard_layers = (
+            model.proj_type != PROJECTOR_TYPE_GEMMA3NV);
 
         // layers
-        model.layers.resize(hparams.n_layer);
-        for (int il = 0; il < hparams.n_layer; ++il) {
+        const int n_layers_to_load = has_standard_layers ? hparams.n_layer : 0;
+        model.layers.resize(n_layers_to_load);
+        for (int il = 0; il < n_layers_to_load; ++il) {
             auto & layer = model.layers[il];
             layer.k_w    = get_tensor(string_format(TN_ATTN_K,      prefix, il, "weight"), false);
             layer.q_w    = get_tensor(string_format(TN_ATTN_Q,      prefix, il, "weight"), false);
@@ -1719,6 +1755,7 @@ struct clip_model_loader {
                     || model.proj_type == PROJECTOR_TYPE_GEMMA3
                     || model.proj_type == PROJECTOR_TYPE_IDEFICS3
                     || model.proj_type == PROJECTOR_TYPE_MINICPMV
+                    || model.proj_type == PROJECTOR_TYPE_MINICPMV4_6
                 ) && layer.ff_up_w && layer.ff_down_w && layer.ff_down_w->ne[0] == hparams.n_embd;
             if (is_ffn_swapped) {
                 // swap up and down weights
@@ -1820,6 +1857,34 @@ struct clip_model_loader {
                     model.mm_model_ln_post_w = get_tensor(string_format(TN_MINICPMV_LN, "post", "weight"));
                     model.mm_model_ln_post_b = get_tensor(string_format(TN_MINICPMV_LN, "post", "bias"));
                 } break;
+            case PROJECTOR_TYPE_MINICPMV4_6:
+                {
+                    // ViT merger: window self-attention
+                    model.vit_merger_ln1_w     = get_tensor(string_format(TN_VIT_MERGER_LN1, "weight"));
+                    model.vit_merger_ln1_b     = get_tensor(string_format(TN_VIT_MERGER_LN1, "bias"));
+                    model.vit_merger_attn_q_w  = get_tensor(string_format(TN_VIT_MERGER_ATTN_Q, "weight"));
+                    model.vit_merger_attn_q_b  = get_tensor(string_format(TN_VIT_MERGER_ATTN_Q, "bias"), false);
+                    model.vit_merger_attn_k_w  = get_tensor(string_format(TN_VIT_MERGER_ATTN_K, "weight"));
+                    model.vit_merger_attn_k_b  = get_tensor(string_format(TN_VIT_MERGER_ATTN_K, "bias"), false);
+                    model.vit_merger_attn_v_w  = get_tensor(string_format(TN_VIT_MERGER_ATTN_V, "weight"));
+                    model.vit_merger_attn_v_b  = get_tensor(string_format(TN_VIT_MERGER_ATTN_V, "bias"), false);
+                    model.vit_merger_attn_o_w  = get_tensor(string_format(TN_VIT_MERGER_ATTN_O, "weight"));
+                    model.vit_merger_attn_o_b  = get_tensor(string_format(TN_VIT_MERGER_ATTN_O, "bias"), false);
+                    // ViT merger: MLP downsample
+                    model.vit_merger_ds_ln_w   = get_tensor(string_format(TN_VIT_MERGER_DS_LN, "weight"));
+                    model.vit_merger_ds_ln_b   = get_tensor(string_format(TN_VIT_MERGER_DS_LN, "bias"));
+                    model.vit_merger_ds_up_w   = get_tensor(string_format(TN_VIT_MERGER_DS_UP, "weight"));
+                    model.vit_merger_ds_up_b   = get_tensor(string_format(TN_VIT_MERGER_DS_UP, "bias"), false);
+                    model.vit_merger_ds_down_w = get_tensor(string_format(TN_VIT_MERGER_DS_DOWN, "weight"));
+                    model.vit_merger_ds_down_b = get_tensor(string_format(TN_VIT_MERGER_DS_DOWN, "bias"), false);
+                    // Final Merger (DownsampleMLP)
+                    model.mm_input_norm_w = get_tensor(TN_MM_INP_NORM);
+                    model.mm_input_norm_b = get_tensor(TN_MM_INP_NORM_B, false);
+                    model.mm_ffn_up_w     = get_tensor(string_format(TN_MM_UP,   "weight"));
+                    model.mm_ffn_up_b     = get_tensor(string_format(TN_MM_UP,   "bias"), false);
+                    model.mm_ffn_down_w   = get_tensor(string_format(TN_MM_DOWN, "weight"));
+                    model.mm_ffn_down_b   = get_tensor(string_format(TN_MM_DOWN, "bias"), false);
+                } break;
             case PROJECTOR_TYPE_GLM_EDGE:
                 {
                     model.mm_model_adapter_conv_w = get_tensor(string_format(TN_GLM_ADAPER_CONV, "weight"));
@@ -2415,6 +2480,83 @@ struct clip_model_loader {
                         layer.conv_pw2_b   = get_tensor(string_format(TN_CONV_PW2,  prefix, il, "bias"));
                     }
                 } break;
+            case PROJECTOR_TYPE_GRANITE_SPEECH:
+                {
+                    model.inp_proj_w     = get_tensor(string_format(TN_INP_PROJ,    "weight"));
+                    model.inp_proj_b     = get_tensor(string_format(TN_INP_PROJ,    "bias"));
+                    model.ctc_out_w      = get_tensor(string_format(TN_CTC_OUT,     "weight"));
+                    model.ctc_out_b      = get_tensor(string_format(TN_CTC_OUT,     "bias"));
+                    model.ctc_out_mid_w  = get_tensor(string_format(TN_CTC_OUT_MID, "weight"));
+                    model.ctc_out_mid_b  = get_tensor(string_format(TN_CTC_OUT_MID, "bias"));
+
+                    // per-layer tensors not loaded by the generic loop above
+                    for (int il = 0; il < hparams.n_layer; ++il) {
+                        auto & layer = model.layers[il];
+
+                        layer.attn_rel_pos_emb = get_tensor(string_format(TN_ATTN_REL_POS_EMB, prefix, il));
+
+                        layer.ff_norm_w   = get_tensor(string_format(TN_FFN_NORM,   prefix, il, "weight"));
+                        layer.ff_norm_b   = get_tensor(string_format(TN_FFN_NORM,   prefix, il, "bias"));
+
+                        layer.ff_norm_1_w = get_tensor(string_format(TN_FFN_NORM_1, prefix, il, "weight"));
+                        layer.ff_norm_1_b = get_tensor(string_format(TN_FFN_NORM_1, prefix, il, "bias"));
+                        layer.ff_up_1_w   = get_tensor(string_format(TN_FFN_UP_1,   prefix, il, "weight"));
+                        layer.ff_up_1_b   = get_tensor(string_format(TN_FFN_UP_1,   prefix, il, "bias"));
+                        layer.ff_down_1_w = get_tensor(string_format(TN_FFN_DOWN_1, prefix, il, "weight"));
+                        layer.ff_down_1_b = get_tensor(string_format(TN_FFN_DOWN_1, prefix, il, "bias"));
+
+                        layer.norm_conv_w = get_tensor(string_format(TN_NORM_CONV, prefix, il, "weight"));
+                        layer.norm_conv_b = get_tensor(string_format(TN_NORM_CONV, prefix, il, "bias"));
+                        layer.conv_norm_w = get_tensor(string_format(TN_CONV_NORM, prefix, il, "weight"));
+                        layer.conv_norm_b = get_tensor(string_format(TN_CONV_NORM, prefix, il, "bias"));
+                        layer.conv_dw_w   = get_tensor(string_format(TN_CONV_DW,   prefix, il, "weight"));
+                        layer.conv_pw1_w  = get_tensor(string_format(TN_CONV_PW1,  prefix, il, "weight"));
+                        layer.conv_pw1_b  = get_tensor(string_format(TN_CONV_PW1,  prefix, il, "bias"));
+                        layer.conv_pw2_w  = get_tensor(string_format(TN_CONV_PW2,  prefix, il, "weight"));
+                        layer.conv_pw2_b  = get_tensor(string_format(TN_CONV_PW2,  prefix, il, "bias"));
+                    }
+
+                    model.qf_proj_query    = get_tensor(TN_QF_PROJ_QUERY);
+                    model.qf_proj_norm_w   = get_tensor(string_format(TN_QF_PROJ_NORM, "weight"));
+                    model.qf_proj_norm_b   = get_tensor(string_format(TN_QF_PROJ_NORM, "bias"));
+                    model.qf_proj_linear_w = get_tensor(string_format(TN_QF_PROJ_LINEAR, "weight"));
+                    model.qf_proj_linear_b = get_tensor(string_format(TN_QF_PROJ_LINEAR, "bias"));
+
+                    const int n_proj_layers = 2;
+                    model.qf_proj_layers.resize(n_proj_layers);
+                    for (int il = 0; il < n_proj_layers; ++il) {
+                        auto & pl = model.qf_proj_layers[il];
+
+                        pl.q_w    = get_tensor(string_format(TN_QF_SELF_ATTN_Q, il, "weight"));
+                        pl.q_b    = get_tensor(string_format(TN_QF_SELF_ATTN_Q, il, "bias"));
+                        pl.k_w    = get_tensor(string_format(TN_QF_SELF_ATTN_K, il, "weight"));
+                        pl.k_b    = get_tensor(string_format(TN_QF_SELF_ATTN_K, il, "bias"));
+                        pl.v_w    = get_tensor(string_format(TN_QF_SELF_ATTN_V, il, "weight"));
+                        pl.v_b    = get_tensor(string_format(TN_QF_SELF_ATTN_V, il, "bias"));
+                        pl.o_w    = get_tensor(string_format(TN_QF_SELF_ATTN_O, il, "weight"));
+                        pl.o_b    = get_tensor(string_format(TN_QF_SELF_ATTN_O, il, "bias"));
+                        pl.ln_1_w = get_tensor(string_format(TN_QF_SELF_ATTN_N, il, "weight"));
+                        pl.ln_1_b = get_tensor(string_format(TN_QF_SELF_ATTN_N, il, "bias"));
+
+                        pl.cross_attn_q_w    = get_tensor(string_format(TN_QF_CROSS_ATTN_Q, il, "weight"));
+                        pl.cross_attn_q_b    = get_tensor(string_format(TN_QF_CROSS_ATTN_Q, il, "bias"));
+                        pl.cross_attn_k_w    = get_tensor(string_format(TN_QF_CROSS_ATTN_K, il, "weight"));
+                        pl.cross_attn_k_b    = get_tensor(string_format(TN_QF_CROSS_ATTN_K, il, "bias"));
+                        pl.cross_attn_v_w    = get_tensor(string_format(TN_QF_CROSS_ATTN_V, il, "weight"));
+                        pl.cross_attn_v_b    = get_tensor(string_format(TN_QF_CROSS_ATTN_V, il, "bias"));
+                        pl.cross_attn_o_w    = get_tensor(string_format(TN_QF_CROSS_ATTN_O, il, "weight"));
+                        pl.cross_attn_o_b    = get_tensor(string_format(TN_QF_CROSS_ATTN_O, il, "bias"));
+                        pl.cross_attn_norm_w = get_tensor(string_format(TN_QF_CROSS_ATTN_N, il, "weight"));
+                        pl.cross_attn_norm_b = get_tensor(string_format(TN_QF_CROSS_ATTN_N, il, "bias"));
+
+                        pl.ff_up_w   = get_tensor(string_format(TN_QF_FFN_UP,   il, "weight"));
+                        pl.ff_up_b   = get_tensor(string_format(TN_QF_FFN_UP,   il, "bias"));
+                        pl.ff_down_w = get_tensor(string_format(TN_QF_FFN_DOWN, il, "weight"));
+                        pl.ff_down_b = get_tensor(string_format(TN_QF_FFN_DOWN, il, "bias"));
+                        pl.ln_2_w    = get_tensor(string_format(TN_QF_FFN_NORM, il, "weight"));
+                        pl.ln_2_b    = get_tensor(string_format(TN_QF_FFN_NORM, il, "bias"));
+                    }
+                } break;
             default:
                 GGML_ASSERT(false && "unknown projector type");
         }
@@ -2960,6 +3102,11 @@ int clip_n_output_tokens(const struct clip_ctx * ctx, struct clip_image_f32 * im
                     }
                 }
             } break;
+        case PROJECTOR_TYPE_MINICPMV4_6:
+            {
+                // ViT merger 4x + final merger 4x = 16x total spatial downsample
+                n_patches = n_patches / 16;
+            } break;
         case PROJECTOR_TYPE_QWEN2VL:
         case PROJECTOR_TYPE_QWEN25VL:
         case PROJECTOR_TYPE_QWEN3VL:
@@ -3105,6 +3252,12 @@ int clip_n_output_tokens(const struct clip_ctx * ctx, struct clip_image_f32 * im
                 }
                 n_patches = n;
             } break;
+        case PROJECTOR_TYPE_GRANITE_SPEECH:
+            {
+                const int ws = ctx->model.hparams.audio_proj_window_size;
+                const int ds = ctx->model.hparams.audio_proj_downsample_rate;
+                n_patches = ((img->nx + ws - 1) / ws) * (ws / ds);
+            } break;
         default:
             GGML_ABORT("unsupported projector type");
     }
@@ -3276,6 +3429,92 @@ bool clip_image_batch_encode(clip_ctx * ctx, const int n_threads, const clip_ima
                 }
                 set_input_f32("omega", omega);
             } break;
+        case PROJECTOR_TYPE_MINICPMV4_6:
+            {
+                // SigLIP position buckets (same as resampler path)
+                std::vector<int32_t> positions(pos_h * pos_w);
+                int bucket_coords_h[1024];
+                int bucket_coords_w[1024];
+                for (int i = 0; i < pos_h; i++){
+                    bucket_coords_h[i] = std::floor(70.0*i/pos_h);
+                }
+                for (int i = 0; i < pos_w; i++){
+                    bucket_coords_w[i] = std::floor(70.0*i/pos_w);
+                }
+                for (int i = 0, id = 0; i < pos_h; i++){
+                    for (int j = 0; j < pos_w; j++){
+                        positions[id++] = bucket_coords_h[i]*70 + bucket_coords_w[j];
+                    }
+                }
+                set_input_i32("positions", positions);
+
+                const int half_h = pos_h / 2;
+                const int half_w = pos_w / 2;
+
+                // window reorder indices for 2x2 windows
+                std::vector<int32_t> window_idx(n_pos);
+                std::vector<int32_t> inv_window_idx(n_pos);
+                {
+                    int k = 0;
+                    for (int wi = 0; wi < half_h; wi++) {
+                        for (int wj = 0; wj < half_w; wj++) {
+                            window_idx[k++] = (2*wi    ) * pos_w + (2*wj    );
+                            window_idx[k++] = (2*wi    ) * pos_w + (2*wj + 1);
+                            window_idx[k++] = (2*wi + 1) * pos_w + (2*wj    );
+                            window_idx[k++] = (2*wi + 1) * pos_w + (2*wj + 1);
+                        }
+                    }
+                    for (int i = 0; i < n_pos; i++) {
+                        inv_window_idx[window_idx[i]] = i;
+                    }
+                }
+                set_input_i32("vit_merger_window_idx",     window_idx);
+                set_input_i32("vit_merger_inv_window_idx", inv_window_idx);
+
+                // block-diagonal attention mask: tokens in the same 4-token
+                // window attend to each other (mask = 0), all other positions
+                // are masked out (-inf). matches the window-major reorder above.
+                std::vector<float> window_mask_data(n_pos * n_pos, std::numeric_limits<float>::lowest());
+                for (int wi = 0; wi < n_pos / 4; wi++) {
+                    for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+                        for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++) {
+                            window_mask_data[(wi*4 + i) * n_pos + (wi*4 + j)] = 0.0f;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                set_input_f32("vit_merger_window_mask", window_mask_data);
+
+                // ViT merger 2x2 downsample indices
+                auto make_ds_idx = [](int off_r, int off_c, int ds_h, int ds_w, int stride_w) {
+                    std::vector<int32_t> idx(ds_h * ds_w);
+                    for (int i = 0; i < ds_h; i++) {
+                        for (int j = 0; j < ds_w; j++) {
+                            idx[i * ds_w + j] = (2*i + off_r) * stride_w + (2*j + off_c);
+                        }
+                    }
+                    return idx;
+                };
+                auto vit_merger_ds_0 = make_ds_idx(0, 0, half_h, half_w, pos_w);
+                auto vit_merger_ds_1 = make_ds_idx(0, 1, half_h, half_w, pos_w);
+                auto vit_merger_ds_2 = make_ds_idx(1, 0, half_h, half_w, pos_w);
+                auto vit_merger_ds_3 = make_ds_idx(1, 1, half_h, half_w, pos_w);
+                set_input_i32("vit_merger_ds_idx_0", vit_merger_ds_0);
+                set_input_i32("vit_merger_ds_idx_1", vit_merger_ds_1);
+                set_input_i32("vit_merger_ds_idx_2", vit_merger_ds_2);
+                set_input_i32("vit_merger_ds_idx_3", vit_merger_ds_3);
+
+                // final merger 2x2 downsample indices (operates on half_h x half_w grid)
+                const int qh = half_h / 2;
+                const int qw = half_w / 2;
+                auto m_ds_0 = make_ds_idx(0, 0, qh, qw, half_w);
+                auto m_ds_1 = make_ds_idx(0, 1, qh, qw, half_w);
+                auto m_ds_2 = make_ds_idx(1, 0, qh, qw, half_w);
+                auto m_ds_3 = make_ds_idx(1, 1, qh, qw, half_w);
+                set_input_i32("merger_ds_idx_0", m_ds_0);
+                set_input_i32("merger_ds_idx_1", m_ds_1);
+                set_input_i32("merger_ds_idx_2", m_ds_2);
+                set_input_i32("merger_ds_idx_3", m_ds_3);
+            } break;
         case PROJECTOR_TYPE_QWEN2VL:
         case PROJECTOR_TYPE_QWEN3VL:
         case PROJECTOR_TYPE_GLM4V:
@@ -3701,6 +3940,39 @@ bool clip_image_batch_encode(clip_ctx * ctx, const int n_threads, const clip_ima
                 }
                 set_input_f32("pos_emb", pos_emb);
             } break;
+        case PROJECTOR_TYPE_GRANITE_SPEECH:
+            {
+                const int context_size = ctx->model.hparams.audio_chunk_size;
+                const int max_pos_emb  = ctx->model.hparams.audio_max_pos_emb;
+
+                std::vector<int32_t> dists(context_size * context_size);
+                for (int i = 0; i < context_size; i++) {
+                    for (int j = 0; j < context_size; j++) {
+                        int d = i - j;
+                        if (d < -context_size) d = -context_size;
+                        if (d >  context_size) d =  context_size;
+                        dists[i * context_size + j] = d + max_pos_emb;
+                    }
+                }
+                set_input_i32("attn_dists", dists);
+
+                const int n_frames   = image_size_width;
+                const int remainder  = n_frames % context_size;
+                if (remainder > 0) {
+                    const int num_blocks = (n_frames + context_size - 1) / context_size;
+                    std::vector<float> mask(context_size * context_size * num_blocks, 0.0f);
+                    const float neg_inf = -INFINITY;
+                    const int last_block_offset = (num_blocks - 1) * context_size * context_size;
+                    for (int q = 0; q < context_size; q++) {
+                        for (int k = 0; k < context_size; k++) {
+                            if (q >= remainder || k >= remainder) {
+                                mask[last_block_offset + q * context_size + k] = neg_inf;
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                    set_input_f32("attn_mask", mask);
+                }
+            } break;
         default:
             GGML_ABORT("Unknown projector type");
     }
@@ -3797,6 +4069,8 @@ int clip_n_mmproj_embd(const struct clip_ctx * ctx) {
             return ctx->model.mm_3_b->ne[0];
         case PROJECTOR_TYPE_MINICPMV:
             return ctx->model.mm_model_proj->ne[0];
+        case PROJECTOR_TYPE_MINICPMV4_6:
+            return ctx->model.mm_ffn_down_w->ne[1];
         case PROJECTOR_TYPE_GLM_EDGE:
             return ctx->model.mm_model_mlp_3_w->ne[1];
         case PROJECTOR_TYPE_QWEN2VL:
@@ -3849,6 +4123,8 @@ int clip_n_mmproj_embd(const struct clip_ctx * ctx) {
             return ctx->model.position_embeddings->ne[0];
         case PROJECTOR_TYPE_GEMMA4A:
             return ctx->model.hparams.projection_dim;
+        case PROJECTOR_TYPE_GRANITE_SPEECH:
+            return ctx->model.qf_proj_linear_w->ne[1];
         case PROJECTOR_TYPE_GLM4V:
             return ctx->model.mm_ffn_down_w->ne[1];
         default:
@@ -3861,6 +4137,9 @@ int clip_is_minicpmv(const struct clip_ctx * ctx) {
     if (ctx->proj_type() == PROJECTOR_TYPE_MINICPMV) {
         return ctx->model.hparams.minicpmv_version;
     }
+    if (ctx->proj_type() == PROJECTOR_TYPE_MINICPMV4_6) {
+        return 46;
+    }
     return 0;
 }
 

tools/mtmd/debug/mtmd-debug.cpp

@@ -68,6 +68,8 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
         return 1;
     }
 
+    ggml_backend_load_all();
+
     LOG_INF("%s: loading model: %s\n", __func__, params.model.path.c_str());
 
     mtmd::context_ptr ctx_mtmd;

tools/mtmd/models/granite-speech.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,275 @@
+#include "models.h"
+
+ggml_cgraph * clip_graph_granite_speech::build() {
+    const int n_frames     = img.nx;
+    const int context_size = hparams.audio_chunk_size;
+    const int ctc_layer    = n_layer / 2;
+    const int conv_kernel  = hparams.audio_conv_kernel_size;
+    const int conv_pad     = conv_kernel / 2;
+
+    const int num_blocks   = (n_frames + context_size - 1) / context_size;
+    const int padded_len   = num_blocks * context_size;
+    const int remainder    = n_frames % context_size;
+
+    ggml_tensor * attn_dists = ggml_new_tensor_1d(ctx0, GGML_TYPE_I32, context_size * context_size);
+    ggml_set_name(attn_dists, "attn_dists");
+    ggml_set_input(attn_dists);
+
+    ggml_tensor * attn_mask = nullptr;
+    if (remainder > 0) {
+        attn_mask = ggml_new_tensor_4d(ctx0, GGML_TYPE_F32,
+            context_size, context_size, 1, num_blocks);
+        ggml_set_name(attn_mask, "attn_mask");
+        ggml_set_input(attn_mask);
+    }
+
+    ggml_tensor * inp = build_inp_raw(1);
+    auto * cur = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_transpose(ctx0, inp));
+    cb(cur, "inp_transposed", -1);
+
+    cur = build_mm(model.inp_proj_w, cur);
+    cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, model.inp_proj_b);
+    cb(cur, "inp_linear", -1);
+
+    for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; il++) {
+        const auto & layer = model.layers[il];
+        auto * residual = cur;
+
+        // ffn1 (half-step)
+        {
+            auto * ffn1 = build_norm(cur, layer.ff_norm_w, layer.ff_norm_b,
+                                     NORM_TYPE_NORMAL, eps, il);
+            cb(ffn1, "ffn1_norm", il);
+
+            ffn1 = build_ffn(ffn1,
+                layer.ff_up_w, layer.ff_up_b,
+                nullptr, nullptr,
+                layer.ff_down_w, layer.ff_down_b,
+                FFN_SILU, il);
+            cb(ffn1, "ffn1_out", il);
+
+            residual = ggml_add(ctx0, residual, ggml_scale(ctx0, ffn1, 0.5f));
+            cb(residual, "ffn1_residual", il);
+        }
+
+        // build_attn not used here: Shaw RPE needs pos_attn = mul_mat(pos_emb, Q)
+        // injected between KQ product and softmax, which build_attn doesn't support
+        {
+            auto * normed = build_norm(residual, layer.ln_1_w, layer.ln_1_b,
+                                       NORM_TYPE_NORMAL, eps, il);
+            cb(normed, "attn_norm", il);
+
+            if (n_frames < padded_len) {
+                normed = ggml_pad(ctx0, normed, 0, padded_len - n_frames, 0, 0);
+            }
+
+            ggml_tensor * Q = build_mm(layer.q_w, normed);
+            ggml_tensor * K = build_mm(layer.k_w, normed);
+            ggml_tensor * V = build_mm(layer.v_w, normed);
+
+            Q = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx0, Q, d_head, n_head, context_size, num_blocks);
+            K = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx0, K, d_head, n_head, context_size, num_blocks);
+            V = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx0, V, d_head, n_head, context_size, num_blocks);
+
+            ggml_tensor * Q_perm = ggml_permute(ctx0, Q, 0, 2, 1, 3);
+            ggml_tensor * K_perm = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_permute(ctx0, K, 0, 2, 1, 3));
+
+            ggml_tensor * kq = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, K_perm, Q_perm);
+
+            // Shaw RPE: pos_emb ne[2]=1 broadcasts against Q ne[2]=num_blocks in mul_mat
+            ggml_tensor * pos_emb = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, layer.attn_rel_pos_emb, attn_dists);
+            pos_emb = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, pos_emb, d_head, context_size, context_size);
+            pos_emb = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx0, pos_emb, d_head, context_size, 1, context_size);
+
+            ggml_tensor * Q_shaw = ggml_permute(ctx0, Q, 0, 1, 3, 2);
+            ggml_tensor * pos_attn = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, pos_emb, Q_shaw);
+            pos_attn = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_permute(ctx0, pos_attn, 0, 2, 3, 1));
+
+            ggml_tensor * scores = ggml_add(ctx0, kq, pos_attn);
+            ggml_tensor * attn_weights = ggml_soft_max_ext(ctx0, scores, attn_mask,
+                                                            kq_scale, 0.0f);
+
+            ggml_tensor * V_perm = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_permute(ctx0, V, 1, 2, 0, 3));
+            ggml_tensor * attn_out = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, V_perm, attn_weights);
+
+            attn_out = ggml_permute(ctx0, attn_out, 0, 2, 1, 3);
+            attn_out = ggml_cont_2d(ctx0, attn_out, n_embd, padded_len);
+
+            if (n_frames < padded_len) {
+                attn_out = ggml_view_2d(ctx0, attn_out,
+                    n_embd, n_frames, attn_out->nb[1], 0);
+            }
+
+            cur = build_mm(layer.o_w, attn_out);
+            cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, layer.o_b);
+            cb(cur, "attn_out", il);
+        }
+
+        residual = ggml_add(ctx0, residual, cur);
+
+        // conv module
+        {
+            cur = build_norm(residual, layer.norm_conv_w, layer.norm_conv_b,
+                             NORM_TYPE_NORMAL, eps, il);
+            cb(cur, "conv_norm", il);
+
+            auto * x = build_mm(layer.conv_pw1_w, cur);
+            x = ggml_add(ctx0, x, layer.conv_pw1_b);
+            cb(x, "conv_pw1", il);
+
+            // GLU: ggml has no fused op, manual split + sigmoid gate
+            {
+                int64_t d = x->ne[0] / 2;
+                ggml_tensor * gate = ggml_sigmoid(ctx0,
+                    ggml_view_2d(ctx0, x, d, x->ne[1], x->nb[1], d * x->nb[0]));
+                x = ggml_mul(ctx0,
+                    ggml_view_2d(ctx0, x, d, x->ne[1], x->nb[1], 0), gate);
+                x = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_transpose(ctx0, x));
+            }
+            cb(x, "conv_glu", il);
+
+            x = ggml_pad(ctx0, x, conv_pad, 0, 0, 0);
+            x = ggml_roll(ctx0, x, conv_pad, 0, 0, 0);
+            x = ggml_pad(ctx0, x, conv_pad, 0, 0, 0);
+            x = ggml_ssm_conv(ctx0, x, layer.conv_dw_w);
+            cb(x, "conv_dw", il);
+
+            // folded batch norm
+            x = ggml_add(ctx0, ggml_mul(ctx0, x, layer.conv_norm_w), layer.conv_norm_b);
+            x = ggml_silu(ctx0, x);
+            cb(x, "conv_bn_silu", il);
+
+            x = build_mm(layer.conv_pw2_w, x);
+            x = ggml_add(ctx0, x, layer.conv_pw2_b);
+            cb(x, "conv_pw2", il);
+
+            cur = x;
+        }
+
+        residual = ggml_add(ctx0, residual, cur);
+
+        // ffn2 (half-step)
+        {
+            auto * ffn2 = build_norm(residual, layer.ff_norm_1_w, layer.ff_norm_1_b,
+                                     NORM_TYPE_NORMAL, eps, il);
+            cb(ffn2, "ffn2_norm", il);
+
+            ffn2 = build_ffn(ffn2,
+                layer.ff_up_1_w, layer.ff_up_1_b,
+                nullptr, nullptr,
+                layer.ff_down_1_w, layer.ff_down_1_b,
+                FFN_SILU, il);
+            cb(ffn2, "ffn2_out", il);
+
+            residual = ggml_add(ctx0, residual, ggml_scale(ctx0, ffn2, 0.5f));
+        }
+
+        cur = build_norm(residual, layer.ln_2_w, layer.ln_2_b,
+                         NORM_TYPE_NORMAL, eps, il);
+        cb(cur, "layer_out", il);
+
+        // CTC branch
+        if (il + 1 == ctc_layer) {
+            auto * mid = build_mm(model.ctc_out_w, cur);
+            mid = ggml_add(ctx0, mid, model.ctc_out_b);
+            mid = ggml_soft_max(ctx0, mid);
+            mid = build_mm(model.ctc_out_mid_w, mid);
+            mid = ggml_add(ctx0, mid, model.ctc_out_mid_b);
+            cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, mid);
+            cb(cur, "ctc_branch", il);
+        }
+    }
+
+    cb(cur, "encoder_out", -1);
+
+    // QFormer projector
+    {
+        const int window_size     = hparams.audio_proj_window_size;
+        const int num_queries     = window_size / hparams.audio_proj_downsample_rate;
+        const int proj_n_head     = hparams.audio_proj_head_count;
+        const int proj_d_head     = n_embd / proj_n_head;
+        const float proj_kq_scale = 1.0f / sqrtf((float)proj_d_head);
+        const float proj_eps      = 1e-12f;
+        const int nblocks_proj    = (n_frames + window_size - 1) / window_size;
+        const int padded_proj     = nblocks_proj * window_size;
+
+        if (n_frames < padded_proj) {
+            cur = ggml_pad(ctx0, cur, 0, padded_proj - n_frames, 0, 0);
+        }
+
+        ggml_tensor * enc_windows = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, cur, n_embd, window_size, nblocks_proj);
+
+        ggml_tensor * queries = build_norm(model.qf_proj_query,
+            model.qf_proj_norm_w, model.qf_proj_norm_b,
+            NORM_TYPE_NORMAL, proj_eps, -1);
+        {
+            ggml_tensor * q_3d    = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, queries, n_embd, num_queries, 1);
+            ggml_tensor * q_shape = ggml_new_tensor_3d(ctx0, GGML_TYPE_F32,
+                n_embd, num_queries, nblocks_proj);
+            queries = ggml_repeat(ctx0, q_3d, q_shape);
+        }
+
+        for (int il = 0; il < (int)model.qf_proj_layers.size(); il++) {
+            const auto & pl = model.qf_proj_layers[il];
+
+            // self-attention
+            {
+                ggml_tensor * Q = ggml_add(ctx0, build_mm(pl.q_w, queries), pl.q_b);
+                ggml_tensor * K = ggml_add(ctx0, build_mm(pl.k_w, queries), pl.k_b);
+                ggml_tensor * V = ggml_add(ctx0, build_mm(pl.v_w, queries), pl.v_b);
+
+                Q = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx0, Q, proj_d_head, proj_n_head, num_queries, nblocks_proj);
+                K = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx0, K, proj_d_head, proj_n_head, num_queries, nblocks_proj);
+                V = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx0, V, proj_d_head, proj_n_head, num_queries, nblocks_proj);
+
+                ggml_tensor * sa_out = build_attn(pl.o_w, pl.o_b,
+                    Q, K, V, nullptr, proj_kq_scale, il);
+                sa_out = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, sa_out, n_embd, num_queries, nblocks_proj);
+
+                queries = build_norm(ggml_add(ctx0, sa_out, queries),
+                    pl.ln_1_w, pl.ln_1_b,
+                    NORM_TYPE_NORMAL, proj_eps, il);
+            }
+
+            // cross-attention
+            {
+                ggml_tensor * Q = ggml_add(ctx0, build_mm(pl.cross_attn_q_w, queries), pl.cross_attn_q_b);
+                ggml_tensor * K = ggml_add(ctx0, build_mm(pl.cross_attn_k_w, enc_windows), pl.cross_attn_k_b);
+                ggml_tensor * V = ggml_add(ctx0, build_mm(pl.cross_attn_v_w, enc_windows), pl.cross_attn_v_b);
+
+                Q = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx0, Q, proj_d_head, proj_n_head, num_queries, nblocks_proj);
+                K = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx0, K, proj_d_head, proj_n_head, window_size, nblocks_proj);
+                V = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx0, V, proj_d_head, proj_n_head, window_size, nblocks_proj);
+
+                ggml_tensor * ca_out = build_attn(pl.cross_attn_o_w, pl.cross_attn_o_b,
+                    Q, K, V, nullptr, proj_kq_scale, il);
+                ca_out = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, ca_out, n_embd, num_queries, nblocks_proj);
+
+                queries = build_norm(ggml_add(ctx0, ca_out, queries),
+                    pl.cross_attn_norm_w, pl.cross_attn_norm_b,
+                    NORM_TYPE_NORMAL, proj_eps, il);
+            }
+
+            // ffn
+            {
+                ggml_tensor * ffn_out = build_ffn(queries,
+                    pl.ff_up_w, pl.ff_up_b,
+                    nullptr, nullptr,
+                    pl.ff_down_w, pl.ff_down_b,
+                    FFN_GELU, il);
+
+                queries = build_norm(ggml_add(ctx0, ffn_out, queries),
+                    pl.ln_2_w, pl.ln_2_b,
+                    NORM_TYPE_NORMAL, proj_eps, il);
+            }
+        }
+
+        cur = ggml_reshape_2d(ctx0, queries, n_embd, num_queries * nblocks_proj);
+        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, build_mm(model.qf_proj_linear_w, cur), model.qf_proj_linear_b);
+        cb(cur, "projector_out", -1);
+    }
+
+    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, cur);
+
+    return gf;
+}

tools/mtmd/models/minicpmv.cpp

@@ -112,3 +112,294 @@ ggml_cgraph * clip_graph_minicpmv::build() {
 
     return gf;
 }
+
+ggml_cgraph * clip_graph_minicpmv4_6::build() {
+    const int insert_lid = hparams.insert_layer_id;
+    const int n_pos      = n_patches;
+    const int half_h     = n_patches_y / 2;
+    const int half_w     = n_patches_x / 2;
+    const int n_ds       = half_h * half_w;     // after ViT merger 2x2 downsample
+    const int qh         = half_h / 2;
+    const int qw         = half_w / 2;
+    const int n_ds2      = qh * qw;             // after final merger 2x2 downsample
+
+    auto add_i32_input = [&](const char * name, int n) {
+        ggml_tensor * t = ggml_new_tensor_1d(ctx0, GGML_TYPE_I32, n);
+        ggml_set_name(t, name);
+        ggml_set_input(t);
+        return t;
+    };
+
+    // position indices for ViT learned positional embeddings
+    ggml_tensor * positions = add_i32_input("positions", n_pos);
+    ggml_tensor * learned_pos_embd = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, model.position_embeddings, positions);
+
+    // ViT merger window reorder indices + block-diagonal mask
+    // (mask layout follows qwen2vl: -inf except for 4x4 blocks on the diagonal,
+    // so each window-major group of 4 tokens only attends to itself)
+    ggml_tensor * vit_merger_window_idx     = add_i32_input("vit_merger_window_idx", n_pos);
+    ggml_tensor * vit_merger_inv_window_idx = add_i32_input("vit_merger_inv_window_idx", n_pos);
+    ggml_tensor * vit_merger_window_mask    = ggml_new_tensor_2d(ctx0, GGML_TYPE_F32, n_pos, n_pos);
+    ggml_set_name(vit_merger_window_mask, "vit_merger_window_mask");
+    ggml_set_input(vit_merger_window_mask);
+    if (flash_attn_type == CLIP_FLASH_ATTN_TYPE_ENABLED) {
+        vit_merger_window_mask = ggml_cast(ctx0, vit_merger_window_mask, GGML_TYPE_F16);
+    }
+
+    // ViT merger 2x2 downsample gather indices
+    ggml_tensor * vit_merger_ds_idx_0 = add_i32_input("vit_merger_ds_idx_0", n_ds);
+    ggml_tensor * vit_merger_ds_idx_1 = add_i32_input("vit_merger_ds_idx_1", n_ds);
+    ggml_tensor * vit_merger_ds_idx_2 = add_i32_input("vit_merger_ds_idx_2", n_ds);
+    ggml_tensor * vit_merger_ds_idx_3 = add_i32_input("vit_merger_ds_idx_3", n_ds);
+
+    // final merger 2x2 downsample gather indices
+    ggml_tensor * merger_ds_idx_0 = add_i32_input("merger_ds_idx_0", n_ds2);
+    ggml_tensor * merger_ds_idx_1 = add_i32_input("merger_ds_idx_1", n_ds2);
+    ggml_tensor * merger_ds_idx_2 = add_i32_input("merger_ds_idx_2", n_ds2);
+    ggml_tensor * merger_ds_idx_3 = add_i32_input("merger_ds_idx_3", n_ds2);
+
+    // patch embedding + positional embedding
+    ggml_tensor * inp = build_inp();
+    inp = ggml_add(ctx0, inp, learned_pos_embd);
+    cb(inp, "pos_embed", -1);
+
+    ggml_tensor * inpL = inp;
+    if (model.pre_ln_w) {
+        inpL = build_norm(inpL, model.pre_ln_w, model.pre_ln_b, NORM_TYPE_NORMAL, eps, -1);
+        cb(inpL, "pre_ln", -1);
+    }
+
+    // ViT layers 0..insert_layer_id (inclusive)
+    // Mirrors the separate-qkv path of clip_graph::build_vit so the two manually
+    // unrolled segments around the ViT merger read like build_vit() expansions.
+    for (int il = 0; il <= insert_lid; il++) {
+        auto & layer = model.layers[il];
+        ggml_tensor * cur = inpL;
+
+        cur = build_norm(cur, layer.ln_1_w, layer.ln_1_b, NORM_TYPE_NORMAL, eps, il);
+        cb(cur, "layer_inp_normed", il);
+
+        {
+            ggml_tensor * Qcur = build_mm(layer.q_w, cur);
+            if (layer.q_b) {
+                Qcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Qcur, layer.q_b);
+            }
+            ggml_tensor * Kcur = build_mm(layer.k_w, cur);
+            if (layer.k_b) {
+                Kcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Kcur, layer.k_b);
+            }
+            ggml_tensor * Vcur = build_mm(layer.v_w, cur);
+            if (layer.v_b) {
+                Vcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Vcur, layer.v_b);
+            }
+
+            Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, d_head, n_head, n_pos);
+            Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, d_head, n_head, n_pos);
+            Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, d_head, n_head, n_pos);
+            cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+            cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+            cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+            cur = build_attn(layer.o_w, layer.o_b, Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, kq_scale, il);
+            cb(cur, "attn_out", il);
+        }
+
+        if (layer.ls_1_w) {
+            cur = ggml_mul(ctx0, cur, layer.ls_1_w);
+            cb(cur, "attn_out_scaled", il);
+        }
+        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpL);
+        inpL = cur;
+        cb(cur, "ffn_inp", il);
+
+        cur = build_norm(cur, layer.ln_2_w, layer.ln_2_b, NORM_TYPE_NORMAL, eps, il);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_inp_normed", il);
+
+        cur = build_ffn(cur, layer.ff_up_w, layer.ff_up_b, layer.ff_gate_w, layer.ff_gate_b,
+                        layer.ff_down_w, layer.ff_down_b, hparams.ffn_op, il);
+        cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+
+        if (layer.ls_2_w) {
+            cur = ggml_mul(ctx0, cur, layer.ls_2_w);
+            cb(cur, "ffn_out_scaled", il);
+        }
+        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, inpL, cur);
+        cb(cur, "layer_out", il);
+
+        inpL = cur;
+    }
+
+    // ViT merger: window self-attention
+    // Tokens are reordered to window-major (4 tokens per window are contiguous),
+    // and a block-diagonal mask restricts attention to within each window. This
+    // mirrors the qwen2vl windowed-attention pattern so build_attn() can pick the
+    // flash-attention path when available.
+    {
+        ggml_tensor * residual = inpL;
+        ggml_tensor * cur = build_norm(inpL,
+            model.vit_merger_ln1_w, model.vit_merger_ln1_b,
+            NORM_TYPE_NORMAL, eps, -1);
+        cb(cur, "vit_merger_attn_inp_normed", -1);
+
+        cur = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, cur, vit_merger_window_idx);
+        cb(cur, "vit_merger_window_reorder", -1);
+
+        ggml_tensor * Qcur = build_mm(model.vit_merger_attn_q_w, cur);
+        if (model.vit_merger_attn_q_b) {
+            Qcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Qcur, model.vit_merger_attn_q_b);
+        }
+        ggml_tensor * Kcur = build_mm(model.vit_merger_attn_k_w, cur);
+        if (model.vit_merger_attn_k_b) {
+            Kcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Kcur, model.vit_merger_attn_k_b);
+        }
+        ggml_tensor * Vcur = build_mm(model.vit_merger_attn_v_w, cur);
+        if (model.vit_merger_attn_v_b) {
+            Vcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Vcur, model.vit_merger_attn_v_b);
+        }
+
+        Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, d_head, n_head, n_pos);
+        Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, d_head, n_head, n_pos);
+        Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, d_head, n_head, n_pos);
+        cb(Qcur, "vit_merger_Qcur", -1);
+        cb(Kcur, "vit_merger_Kcur", -1);
+        cb(Vcur, "vit_merger_Vcur", -1);
+
+        cur = build_attn(model.vit_merger_attn_o_w, model.vit_merger_attn_o_b,
+                         Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, vit_merger_window_mask, kq_scale, -1);
+        cb(cur, "vit_merger_attn_out", -1);
+
+        cur = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, cur, vit_merger_inv_window_idx);
+        inpL = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, residual);
+        cb(inpL, "vit_merger_attn_residual", -1);
+    }
+
+    // ViT merger: 2x2 spatial downsample + MLP (4 tokens -> 1)
+    {
+        ggml_tensor * p0 = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpL, vit_merger_ds_idx_0);
+        ggml_tensor * p1 = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpL, vit_merger_ds_idx_1);
+        ggml_tensor * p2 = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpL, vit_merger_ds_idx_2);
+        ggml_tensor * p3 = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpL, vit_merger_ds_idx_3);
+
+        ggml_tensor * mean_res = ggml_add(ctx0, p0, p1);
+        mean_res = ggml_add(ctx0, mean_res, p2);
+        mean_res = ggml_add(ctx0, mean_res, p3);
+        mean_res = ggml_scale(ctx0, mean_res, 0.25f);
+        cb(mean_res, "vit_merger_ds_mean_res", -1);
+
+        ggml_tensor * cat = ggml_concat(ctx0, p0, p1, 0);
+        cat = ggml_concat(ctx0, cat, p2, 0);
+        cat = ggml_concat(ctx0, cat, p3, 0);
+
+        ggml_tensor * cur = build_norm(cat,
+            model.vit_merger_ds_ln_w, model.vit_merger_ds_ln_b,
+            NORM_TYPE_NORMAL, eps, -1);
+        cb(cur, "vit_merger_ds_normed", -1);
+
+        // ViTWindowAttentionMerger downsample MLP uses gelu_pytorch_tanh (FFN_GELU)
+        cur = build_ffn(cur,
+            model.vit_merger_ds_up_w,   model.vit_merger_ds_up_b,
+            nullptr, nullptr,
+            model.vit_merger_ds_down_w, model.vit_merger_ds_down_b,
+            FFN_GELU, -1);
+        cb(cur, "vit_merger_ds_mlp_out", -1);
+
+        inpL = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, mean_res);
+        cb(inpL, "vit_merger_ds_out", -1);
+    }
+
+    // ViT layers (insert_layer_id+1)..n_layer-1, operating on the downsampled tokens
+    {
+        const int64_t n_pos_ds = n_ds;
+        for (int il = insert_lid + 1; il < n_layer; il++) {
+            auto & layer = model.layers[il];
+            ggml_tensor * cur = inpL;
+
+            cur = build_norm(cur, layer.ln_1_w, layer.ln_1_b, NORM_TYPE_NORMAL, eps, il);
+            cb(cur, "layer_inp_normed", il);
+
+            {
+                ggml_tensor * Qcur = build_mm(layer.q_w, cur);
+                if (layer.q_b) {
+                    Qcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Qcur, layer.q_b);
+                }
+                ggml_tensor * Kcur = build_mm(layer.k_w, cur);
+                if (layer.k_b) {
+                    Kcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Kcur, layer.k_b);
+                }
+                ggml_tensor * Vcur = build_mm(layer.v_w, cur);
+                if (layer.v_b) {
+                    Vcur = ggml_add(ctx0, Vcur, layer.v_b);
+                }
+
+                Qcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Qcur, d_head, n_head, n_pos_ds);
+                Kcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Kcur, d_head, n_head, n_pos_ds);
+                Vcur = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0, Vcur, d_head, n_head, n_pos_ds);
+                cb(Qcur, "Qcur", il);
+                cb(Kcur, "Kcur", il);
+                cb(Vcur, "Vcur", il);
+
+                cur = build_attn(layer.o_w, layer.o_b, Qcur, Kcur, Vcur, nullptr, kq_scale, il);
+                cb(cur, "attn_out", il);
+            }
+
+            if (layer.ls_1_w) {
+                cur = ggml_mul(ctx0, cur, layer.ls_1_w);
+                cb(cur, "attn_out_scaled", il);
+            }
+            cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpL);
+            inpL = cur;
+            cb(cur, "ffn_inp", il);
+
+            cur = build_norm(cur, layer.ln_2_w, layer.ln_2_b, NORM_TYPE_NORMAL, eps, il);
+            cb(cur, "ffn_inp_normed", il);
+
+            cur = build_ffn(cur, layer.ff_up_w, layer.ff_up_b, layer.ff_gate_w, layer.ff_gate_b,
+                            layer.ff_down_w, layer.ff_down_b, hparams.ffn_op, il);
+            cb(cur, "ffn_out", il);
+
+            if (layer.ls_2_w) {
+                cur = ggml_mul(ctx0, cur, layer.ls_2_w);
+                cb(cur, "ffn_out_scaled", il);
+            }
+            cur = ggml_add(ctx0, inpL, cur);
+            cb(cur, "layer_out", il);
+
+            inpL = cur;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (model.post_ln_w) {
+        inpL = build_norm(inpL, model.post_ln_w, model.post_ln_b, NORM_TYPE_NORMAL, eps, -1);
+        cb(inpL, "post_ln", -1);
+    }
+
+    // Final Merger (DownsampleMLP): another 2x2 spatial merge -> projector embedding
+    {
+        ggml_tensor * p0 = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpL, merger_ds_idx_0);
+        ggml_tensor * p1 = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpL, merger_ds_idx_1);
+        ggml_tensor * p2 = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpL, merger_ds_idx_2);
+        ggml_tensor * p3 = ggml_get_rows(ctx0, inpL, merger_ds_idx_3);
+
+        ggml_tensor * cat = ggml_concat(ctx0, p0, p1, 0);
+        cat = ggml_concat(ctx0, cat, p2, 0);
+        cat = ggml_concat(ctx0, cat, p3, 0);
+
+        ggml_tensor * cur = build_norm(cat,
+            model.mm_input_norm_w, model.mm_input_norm_b,
+            NORM_TYPE_NORMAL, eps, -1);
+        cb(cur, "merger_normed", -1);
+
+        // MiniCPMV4_6DownsampleMLP uses nn.GELU() (erf-based, FFN_GELU_ERF)
+        cur = build_ffn(cur,
+            model.mm_ffn_up_w,   model.mm_ffn_up_b,
+            nullptr, nullptr,
+            model.mm_ffn_down_w, model.mm_ffn_down_b,
+            FFN_GELU_ERF, -1);
+        cb(cur, "merger_out", -1);
+
+        inpL = cur;
+    }
+
+    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, inpL);
+    return gf;
+}

tools/mtmd/models/models.h

@@ -56,6 +56,11 @@ struct clip_graph_minicpmv : clip_graph {
     ggml_cgraph * build() override;
 };
 
+struct clip_graph_minicpmv4_6 : clip_graph {
+    clip_graph_minicpmv4_6(clip_ctx * ctx, const clip_image_f32 & img) : clip_graph(ctx, img) {}
+    ggml_cgraph * build() override;
+};
+
 struct clip_graph_internvl : clip_graph {
     clip_graph_internvl(clip_ctx * ctx, const clip_image_f32 & img) : clip_graph(ctx, img) {}
     ggml_cgraph * build() override;
@@ -111,6 +116,11 @@ struct clip_graph_conformer : clip_graph {
     ggml_cgraph * build() override;
 };
 
+struct clip_graph_granite_speech : clip_graph {
+    clip_graph_granite_speech(clip_ctx * ctx, const clip_image_f32 & img) : clip_graph(ctx, img) {}
+    ggml_cgraph * build() override;
+};
+
 struct clip_graph_gemma4a : clip_graph {
     clip_graph_gemma4a(clip_ctx * ctx, const clip_image_f32 & img) : clip_graph(ctx, img) {}
     ggml_cgraph * build() override;

tools/mtmd/mtmd-audio.cpp

@@ -403,6 +403,11 @@ static bool log_mel_spectrogram(
             return false;
         }
         std::reverse_copy(samples + 1, samples + 1 + stage_2_pad, samples_padded.begin());
+
+        // expose the padded buffer to downstream FFT and to out.n_len computation
+        // mirrors the no_padding and center_padding branches above
+        samples   = samples_padded.data();
+        n_samples = samples_padded.size();
     }
 
     // preemphasis
@@ -650,6 +655,108 @@ bool mtmd_audio_preprocessor_conformer::preprocess(const float *
     return true;
 }
 
+//
+// mtmd_audio_preprocessor_granite_speech
+//
+
+void mtmd_audio_preprocessor_granite_speech::initialize() {
+    cache.fill_sin_cos_table(hparams.audio_n_fft);
+    cache.fill_hann_window(hparams.audio_window_len, true);
+    cache.fill_mel_filterbank_matrix(
+        hparams.n_mel_bins / 2, hparams.audio_n_fft, hparams.audio_sample_rate,
+        0.0f, -1.0f, false, 1.0f, true);
+}
+
+bool mtmd_audio_preprocessor_granite_speech::preprocess(const float *                 samples,
+                                                        size_t                        n_samples,
+                                                        std::vector<mtmd_audio_mel> & output) {
+    if (n_samples == 0) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(!cache.sin_vals.empty());
+    GGML_ASSERT(!cache.cos_vals.empty());
+    GGML_ASSERT(!cache.filters.data.empty());
+
+    const int n_fft = hparams.audio_n_fft;
+    const int pad   = n_fft / 2;
+
+    // reflect padding
+    const int n_padded = (int)n_samples + 2 * pad;
+    std::vector<float> padded(n_padded, 0.0f);
+    std::copy(samples, samples + n_samples, padded.data() + pad);
+    for (int i = 0; i < pad; i++) {
+        int src = i + 1;
+        if (src >= (int)n_samples) {
+            src = (int)n_samples - 1;
+        }
+        padded[pad - 1 - i] = samples[src];
+    }
+    for (int i = 0; i < pad; i++) {
+        int src = (int)n_samples - 2 - i;
+        if (src < 0) {
+            src = 0;
+        }
+        padded[pad + (int)n_samples + i] = samples[src];
+    }
+
+    filter_params params;
+    params.n_mel            = hparams.n_mel_bins / 2;
+    params.n_fft_bins       = 1 + (n_fft / 2);
+    params.hann_window_size = hparams.audio_window_len;
+    params.hop_length       = hparams.audio_hop_len;
+    params.sample_rate      = hparams.audio_sample_rate;
+    params.no_padding       = true;
+    params.center_padding   = false;
+    params.preemph          = 0.0f;
+    params.use_natural_log  = false;
+    params.norm_per_feature = false;
+    params.mel_floor        = 1e-10f;
+
+    mtmd_audio_mel mel;
+    if (!log_mel_spectrogram(padded.data(), n_padded, 4, params, cache, mel)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    double mmax = -1e20;
+    for (int i = 0; i < mel.n_mel * mel.n_len; i++) {
+        if (mel.data[i] > mmax) {
+            mmax = mel.data[i];
+        }
+    }
+    mmax -= 8.0;
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < mel.n_mel * mel.n_len; i++) {
+        if (mel.data[i] < mmax) {
+            mel.data[i] = mmax;
+        }
+        mel.data[i] = (mel.data[i] + 4.0) / 4.0;
+    }
+
+    int n_frames = mel.n_len;
+    if (n_frames % 2 == 1) {
+        n_frames--;
+    }
+    const int n_mel     = mel.n_mel;
+    const int n_stacked = n_frames / 2;
+
+    mtmd_audio_mel stacked;
+    stacked.n_mel     = 2 * n_mel;
+    stacked.n_len     = n_stacked;
+    stacked.n_len_org = (int)n_samples;
+    stacked.data.resize(2 * n_mel * n_stacked);
+
+    for (int t = 0; t < n_stacked; t++) {
+        for (int m = 0; m < n_mel; m++) {
+            stacked.data[m * n_stacked + t] = mel.data[m * mel.n_len + 2 * t];
+            stacked.data[(m + n_mel) * n_stacked + t] = mel.data[m * mel.n_len + 2 * t + 1];
+        }
+    }
+
+    output.push_back(std::move(stacked));
+    return true;
+}
+
 //
 // mtmd_audio_preprocessor_gemma4a
 //

tools/mtmd/mtmd-audio.h

@@ -78,6 +78,15 @@ struct mtmd_audio_preprocessor_conformer : mtmd_audio_preprocessor {
     mtmd_audio_cache cache;
 };
 
+struct mtmd_audio_preprocessor_granite_speech : mtmd_audio_preprocessor {
+    mtmd_audio_preprocessor_granite_speech(const clip_ctx * ctx) : mtmd_audio_preprocessor(ctx) {}
+    void initialize() override;
+    bool preprocess(const float * samples, size_t n_samples, std::vector<mtmd_audio_mel> & output) override;
+
+  private:
+    mtmd_audio_cache cache;
+};
+
 struct mtmd_audio_preprocessor_gemma4a : mtmd_audio_preprocessor {
     mtmd_audio_preprocessor_gemma4a(const clip_ctx * ctx) : mtmd_audio_preprocessor(ctx) {}
     void initialize() override;

tools/mtmd/mtmd-cli.cpp

@@ -295,6 +295,8 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
         return 1;
     }
 
+    ggml_backend_load_all();
+
     mtmd_cli_context ctx(params);
     LOG_INF("%s: loading model: %s\n", __func__, params.model.path.c_str());
 

tools/mtmd/mtmd-image.cpp

@@ -584,7 +584,9 @@ bool mtmd_image_preprocessor_llava_uhd::preprocess(const clip_image_u8 & img, cl
 
 mtmd_image_preprocessor_llava_uhd::slice_instructions mtmd_image_preprocessor_llava_uhd::get_slice_instructions(const clip_image_size & original_size) {
     mtmd_image_preprocessor_llava_uhd::slice_instructions res;
-    const int patch_size      = hparams.patch_size;
+    // align slices by patch_size * n_merge so an integer number of merger output tokens fits per slice
+    const int n_merge         = hparams.n_merge > 0 ? hparams.n_merge : 1;
+    const int patch_size      = hparams.patch_size * n_merge;
     const int slice_size      = hparams.image_size;
     const int original_width  = original_size.width;
     const int original_height = original_size.height;

tools/mtmd/mtmd.cpp

@@ -310,6 +310,18 @@ struct mtmd_context {
                     }
                     image_preproc = std::make_unique<mtmd_image_preprocessor_llava_uhd>(ctx_v);
                 } break;
+            case PROJECTOR_TYPE_MINICPMV4_6:
+                {
+                    slice_tmpl        = MTMD_SLICE_TMPL_MINICPMV_2_6;
+                    tok_ov_img_start  = {lookup_token("<image>")};
+                    tok_ov_img_end    = {lookup_token("</image>")};
+                    tok_sli_img_start = {lookup_token("<slice>")};
+                    tok_sli_img_end   = {lookup_token("</slice>")};
+                    tok_row_end       = {lookup_token("\n")};
+                    tok_row_end_trail = false; // no trailing end-of-row token
+                    ov_img_first      = true;
+                    image_preproc     = std::make_unique<mtmd_image_preprocessor_llava_uhd>(ctx_v);
+                } break;
             case PROJECTOR_TYPE_QWEN2VL:
             case PROJECTOR_TYPE_QWEN25VL:
             case PROJECTOR_TYPE_QWEN3VL:
@@ -532,6 +544,10 @@ struct mtmd_context {
                 {
                     audio_preproc = std::make_unique<mtmd_audio_preprocessor_conformer>(ctx_a);
                 } break;
+            case PROJECTOR_TYPE_GRANITE_SPEECH:
+                {
+                    audio_preproc = std::make_unique<mtmd_audio_preprocessor_granite_speech>(ctx_a);
+                } break;
             case PROJECTOR_TYPE_GEMMA4A:
                 {
                     aud_beg = "<|audio>";

tools/server/README.md

@@ -1651,6 +1651,7 @@ Note:
 2. Adding `?reload=1` to the query params will refresh the list of models. The behavior is as follow:
     - If a model is running but updated or removed from the source, it will be unloaded
     - If a model is not running, it will be added or updated according to the source
+3. When the model is loaded, the info from `/v1/models` is forwarded to router's `/v1/models`. This includes metadata about the model and the runtime instance.
 
 The `status` object can be: